字符串在Python中用索引拆分

Question

我正在寻找将句子分成单词的pythonic方法，并且还将所有单词的索引信息存储在句子中，例如

a = "This is a sentence"
b = a.split() # ["This", "is", "a", "sentence"]

现在，我还想存储所有单词的索引信息

c = a.splitWithIndices() #[(0,3), (5,6), (8,8), (10,17)]

实现splitWithIndices（）的最佳方法是什么，python是否有任何我可以使用的库方法。任何帮助我计算单词索引的方法都很棒。

Answer 1

这是一个使用正则表达式的方法：

>>> import re
>>> a = "This is a sentence"
>>> matches = [(m.group(0), (m.start(), m.end()-1)) for m in re.finditer(r'\S+', a)]
>>> matches
[('This', (0, 3)), ('is', (5, 6)), ('a', (8, 8)), ('sentence', (10, 17))]
>>> b, c = zip(*matches)
>>> b
('This', 'is', 'a', 'sentence')
>>> c
((0, 3), (5, 6), (8, 8), (10, 17))

作为一个单行：

b, c = zip(*[(m.group(0), (m.start(), m.end()-1)) for m in re.finditer(r'\S+', a)])

如果您只想要指数：

c = [(m.start(), m.end()-1) for m in re.finditer(r'\S+', a)]

Answer 2

我认为返回相应拼接的开始和结束更自然。例如（0,4）而不是（0,3）

>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> def splitWithIndices(s, c=' '):
...  p = 0
...  for k, g in groupby(s, lambda x:x==c):
...   q = p + sum(1 for i in g)
...   if not k:
...    yield p, q # or p, q-1 if you are really sure you want that
...   p = q
...
>>> a = "This is a sentence"
>>> list(splitWithIndices(a))
[(0, 4), (5, 7), (8, 9), (10, 18)]

>>> a[0:4]
'This'
>>> a[5:7]
'is'
>>> a[8:9]
'a'
>>> a[10:18]
'sentence'