class_variable_set在访问变量时给出`NameError:Object中的未初始化的类变量

时间:2012-12-04 15:24:51

标签: ruby metaprogramming

我正在执行以下操作,期望TestClass.my_var返回"my_var_here"

irb(main):001:0> def create_a_class class_name, my_var
irb(main):002:1>     klass = Object.const_set class_name, Class.new
irb(main):003:1>     klass.class_variable_set :@@my_var, my_var
irb(main):004:1>     klass.instance_eval do
irb(main):005:2*         def my_var
irb(main):006:3>             @@my_var
irb(main):007:3>         end
irb(main):008:2>     end
irb(main):009:1>     klass
irb(main):010:1> end
=> nil
irb(main):011:0> create_a_class "TestClass", "my_var_here"
=> TestClass

相反,我明白了:

irb(main):012:0> TestClass.my_var
(irb):6: warning: class variable access from toplevel
NameError: uninitialized class variable @@my_var in Object
        from (irb):6:in `my_var'
        from (irb):12
        from C:/Ruby193/bin/irb:12:in `<main>'

我做错了什么?任何意见都将不胜感激。

编辑:我已经尝试过这样做了它似乎有效,但它并没有真正感觉像Ruby Way™这样做(我也不想有那些讨厌的警告)

irb(main):001:0> def create_a_class class_name, _my_var
irb(main):002:1>     klass = Object.const_set class_name, Class.new
irb(main):003:1>     klass.instance_eval do
irb(main):004:2*         @@my_var = _my_var
irb(main):005:2>         def my_var
irb(main):006:3>             @@my_var
irb(main):007:3>         end
irb(main):008:2>     end
irb(main):009:1>     klass
irb(main):010:1> end
=> nil
irb(main):011:0> create_a_class "TestClass", "my_var_here"
(irb):4: warning: class variable access from toplevel
=> TestClass
irb(main):012:0> TestClass.my_var
(irb):6: warning: class variable access from toplevel
=> "my_var_here"

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

首先? 为什么您使用的是类变量吗?你知道你也可以在类上使用实例变量吗?它们更容易预测。

类词变量在词汇上被查找:

class Foo
  @@a = 1
end

class Bar
  @@a = 2

  def Foo.a; @@a end
end

p Foo.a # => 2

如果你真的想使用类变量,那么你必须使用#eval(某种形式)来定义方法:

def create_a_class class_name, my_var
  klass = Object.const_set class_name, Class.new
  klass.class_variable_set :@@my_var, my_var
  klass.class_eval <<-RUBY
    def self.my_var
      @@my_var
    end
  RUBY
  klass
end

create_a_class "Name", "var"
p Name.my_var