为了开始使用Selenium2和HtmlUnitDriver，我创建了一个测试项目。只要我使用FirefoxDriver，一切都运行得很好。但是一旦我切换到HtmlUnitDriver，我就会得到以下异常。我错过了一些依赖项吗？我发现没有任何文档告诉我必须包含哪些Maven依赖项才能使其正常工作。
例外：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/http/impl/conn/PoolingClientConnectionManager
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.createHttpClient(HttpWebConnection.java:536)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.getHttpClient(HttpWebConnection.java:500)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpWebConnection.setUseInsecureSSL(HttpWebConnection.java:711)
at com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient.setUseInsecureSSL(WebClient.java:1096)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.createWebClient(HtmlUnitDriver.java:263)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.<init>(HtmlUnitDriver.java:129)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.<init>(HtmlUnitDriver.java:172)
at org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver.<init>(HtmlUnitDriver.java:168)
at GoogleTest.testMe(GoogleTest.java:20)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:80)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:714)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:901)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1231)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:111)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:767)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:617)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:334)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:329)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:291)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:240)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1203)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1128)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1036)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.run(RemoteTestNG.java:111)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:204)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:175)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingClientConnectionManager
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
... 33 more
项目设置 pom.xml ：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>de.test</groupId>
<artifactId>ui-tests</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<selenium.version>2.26.0</selenium.version>
<testNG.version>6.1.1</testNG.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>${testNG.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.5</source>
<target>1.5</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>start-server</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<background>true</background>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>stop-selenium</id>
<phase>post-integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>stop-server</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<!-- Skip the normal tests, we'll run them in the integration-test phase -->
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>integration-test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>test</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<skip>false</skip>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
一个简单的测试类：
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class GoogleTest {
private static final String SEARCH_BUTTON = "gbqfb";
public final static String SEARCH_BAR = "gbqfq";
public final static String RESULT_STATS = "resultStats";
@Test
public void testMe() {
// does not work:
// java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:
// org/apache/http/impl/conn/PoolingClientConnectionManager
HtmlUnitDriver wd = new HtmlUnitDriver();
// FirefoxDriver wd = new FirefoxDriver();
wd.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
wd.get("http://www.google.de/");
WebElement searchBar = wd.findElement(By.id(SEARCH_BAR));
WebElement searchButton = wd.findElement(By.id(SEARCH_BUTTON));
searchBar.click();
searchBar.clear();
searchBar.sendKeys("Selenium Test");
searchButton.click();
WebElement resultsText = wd.findElement(By.id(RESULT_STATS));
String resultsFound = resultsText.getText();
wd.close();
Assert.assertTrue(resultsFound.startsWith("Ungefähr 34.100.000 Ergebnisse"));
}
}
编辑：修复了缺失的依赖关系！
答案 0 :(得分：3)
尝试移动此块：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-htmlunit-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
从<dependencyManagement>部分到POM的<dependencies>部分（包含FireFox驱动程序的部分）。
答案 1 :(得分：3)
我得到了同样的错误，这就是我解决的问题 - 如果您的httpclient.jar，httpcore，httpmime jar文件版本与父第三方类不匹配，则会出现此错误。我有httpclient-4.0.3.jar版本。下载并将httpclient-4.2.jar添加到我的NetBeans的lib中。同样添加了httpcore-4.2.jar和httpmime-4.2.jar。班级执行!! 从以下存储库下载： http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents