我的c代码中的“分段错误”错误

时间:2012-11-27 01:00:05

标签: c segmentation-fault

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>


int firstState(char s[], int length);
int secondState(char s[], int length);
int thirdState(char s[], int length);
int forthState(char s[], int length);

int main()
{
    char string[10];

    gets(string);

    if( firstState(string, 0) )
        printf("Accept\n");
    else
        printf( "Not accept\n" );

    return 0;
}

int firstState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return (secondState(s, length++));
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return firstState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

int secondState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return secondState(s, length++);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return thirdState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

int thirdState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return secondState(s, length++);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return forthState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

int forthState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')
        return secondState(s, length++);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')
        return firstState(s, length++);
    else
        return 0;
}

它给了我一个分段错误或核心倾倒我很困惑!!! 谁能解释为什么它给了我这种虫子???? 并告诉如何调试以使我的代码运行得非常清楚!!

我对此感到很累:(

抱歉我的英文不好

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

你有一个无限递归,

return (secondState(s, length++));

传递的length参数是增量前length的值,所以你只能查看第一个char

length参数传递为length + 1,并检查length是否小于10(char数组string的长度)。

另一方面,

gets(string);

非常不安全,如果输入超过9个字符,则在分配的内存之外写入。使用

fgets(string, sizeof string, stdin);

代替。


好吧,因为它只需要上面提到的修复和一个返回值的更改,逻辑的大部分是正确的,固定代码:

// #include<string.h> <- We don't use that
#include<stdio.h>

// Match the grammar (a+b)*abb

int firstState(char s[], int length);    // nothing of the suffix matched
int secondState(char s[], int length);   // matched one character of the suffix
int thirdState(char s[], int length);    // matched two
int forthState(char s[], int length);    // matched the complete suffix

int main()
{
    char string[10];
    // Get a 0-terminated string into the buffer.
    fgets(string, sizeof string, stdin);

    if( firstState(string, 0) )
        printf("Accept\n");
    else
        printf( "Not accept\n" );

    return 0;
}

int firstState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // first character of suffix matched
        return (secondState(s, length+1));
    else if(s[length] == 'b')  // nothing matched
        return firstState(s, length+1);
    else    // end of string in not-accepting state
        return 0;
}

int secondState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // the old matched 'a' wasn't part of the suffix, the new may be
        return secondState(s, length+1);
    else if(s[length] == 'b') // now matched two characters of the suffix
        return thirdState(s, length+1);
    else    // end of string in not-accepting state
        return 0;
}

int thirdState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // last three chars aba, the last 'a' could be part of the suffix
        return secondState(s, length+1);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')  // full suffix matched
        return forthState(s, length+1);
    else    // end of string in not-accepting state
        return 0;
}

int forthState(char s[], int length)
{  
    if(s[length] == 'a')  // another char, start a new candidate for the suffix
        return secondState(s, length+1);
    else if(s[length] == 'b')  // another char, can't be part of the suffix, start over
        return firstState(s, length+1);
    else        // end of string in accepting state, yay!
        return 1;
        // return s[length] == '\0';
        // if characters other than 'a' and 'b' need not signal the end of the string
}

答案 1 :(得分:3)

分段错误是一种访问冲突,即当程序试图访问emmory时,它不应该http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_fault

在你的情况下,它是由不安全的索引到数组引起的,例如

int firstState(char s[], int length)
{
...
return firstState(s, length++);
...
}

你实际上并没有检查新长度是否仍然在边界内,所以如果字符串不是以空值终止的,那么它可能不是你的情况,那么你将有一个无限循环导致SegFault。

对于调试,使用GUI将是最理智的方法,在Windows上尝试Visual Studio,在其他所有内容上尝试Eclipse。