我想用“|”替换未用双引号括起来的每个逗号在awk中使用sed模式匹配。
例如,给出以下输入:
A,B,"C,D",E,"F,G",H,"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen",33,MIS,"Taiwan, Taipei",M
这是所需的输出:
A|B|"C,D"|E|"F,G"|H|"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
我希望在不使用硬编码的情况下完成此操作:
sed '2s/33,MIS/33|MIS|/' file.
答案 0 :(得分:12)
第一个样本:快速而肮脏:
如果您的逗号后面跟着文本字符串中的空格,并且永远不在字段分隔中,您可以使用:
sed -e 's/,\([^ ]\)/\|\1/g'
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
但你必须确定关于下一个角色。
更详细的样本,不需要空间,最接近你原来的想法。
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|[^",]*\)*\),/\1|/;ta'
echo '"Chang, Yao-Jen",33,MIS,"Taiwan, Taipei",M' |
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|[^",]*\)*\),/\1|/;ta'
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
echo '"Chang,Yao-Jen",33,MIS,"Taiwan,Taipei",M' |
sed -e '1 { :a;s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|[^",]*\)*\),/\1|/;ta }'
"Chang,Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan,Taipei"|M
说明:
sed -e '
:a
s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|[^",]*\)*\),/\1|/
ta
'
:a
是分支(循环)的地址位置s/
从行首开始搜索'[^“,] *,'或'”...“,'比用vbar替换逗号。ta
分支到以前的s/
已匹配。当您要求在第2行上操作时,您必须:
sed -e '2 { :a; s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|[^",]*\)*\),/\1|/; ta } '
已编辑: [错!请参阅编辑3 ]
另一个例子,如果你想要混合引号和双引号:
有一个带有混合引号,非引用和一个字段的示例 包含引号,但双引号:
cat <<eof >sample
A,B,"C,D",E,"F,G",H,"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen",33,MIS,"Taiwan, Taipei",M
A,B,'C,D',E,'F,G',H,'I,J,K'
'Chang, Yao-Jen',33,MIS,'Taiwan, Taipei',M
"Chang, Yao-Jen",33,MIS,"Taiwan, Taipei",M,'Chang,Yao-Jen',34,MZZ,'Taiwan, Taipei',Z
"Chang's son: Yao-Lu",55,MAA,'Taiwan, too',z
eof
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\(\(['\''"]\)[^\3]*\3\|[^",'\'']*\)*\),/\1|/;ta' sample
A|B|"C,D"|E|"F,G"|H|"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
A|B|'C,D'|E|'F,G'|H|'I,J,K'
'Chang, Yao-Jen'|33|MIS|'Taiwan, Taipei'|M
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M|'Chang,Yao-Jen'|34|MZZ|'Taiwan, Taipei'|Z
"Chang's son: Yao-Lu"|55|MAA|'Taiwan, too'|z
其中sed脚本可以限制在一个更易读的脚本文件中:
cat <<oesedscript >csvtopsv.sed
#!/bin/sed -f
# Coma Separated Values to Pipe Separated Values
:a
s/^\(\(\(['"]\)[^\3]*\3\|[^",']*\)*\),/\1|/;
ta
oesedscript
chmod +x csvtopsv.sed
./csvtopsv.sed sample
A|B|"C,D"|E|"F|G"|H|"I|J|K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
A|B|'C,D'|E|'F|G'|H|'I|J|K'
'Chang, Yao-Jen'|33|MIS|'Taiwan, Taipei'|M
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M|'Chang,Yao-Jen'|34|MZZ|'Taiwan, Taipei'|Z
"Chang's son: Yao-Lu"|55|MAA|'Taiwan, too'|z
<强>解释强>
s/
搜索引号或双引号['"]
作为第三个封闭的正则表达式部分,后跟0或更多其他字符而不是第三个封闭部分,最后是a第二个字符与第三个正则表达式部分相同...或者没有昏迷,单个或双引号[,'"]
...
编辑3 警告!这是错误!:
所以正确答案似乎是:
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\(\(['\''"]\)[^\3]*\3\|[^",'\'']*\)*\),/\1|/;ta'
在;L
之前,您可以在添加ta
进行调试时看到我的错误:
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\(\(['\''"]\)[^\3]*\3\|[^",'\'']*\)*\),/\1|/;L;ta'
,其中
echo '1,"John Doe","6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55' |
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|'\''[^'\'']*'\''\|[^",'\'']*\)*\),/\1#/;L;ta'
1#"John Doe","6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1#"John Doe"#"6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1#"John Doe"#"6, rue Peuh"#236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1#"John Doe"#"6, rue Peuh"#236#"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1#"John Doe"#"6, rue Peuh"#236#"B,-,F,H,P,-"#-55
1#"John Doe"#"6, rue Peuh"#236#"B,-,F,H,P,-"#-55
1#"John Doe"#"6, rue Peuh"#236#"B,-,F,H,P,-"#-55
我们可以看到这不是那么简单...... [^\3]
不会给出预期效果,而是匹配而不是char 3
。
最后,我们必须为自己搜索每个分隔符:
:a;
s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|'[^']*'\|[^",']*\)*\),/\1\t/;
ta
Nota:,如果您真的更喜欢使用csv2tsv
管道,我会将|
作为昏迷显示为制表符分隔值分隔符,您可以将\t
替换为|
或任何您想要的字符。
echo '1,"John Doe","6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55' |
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|'\''[^'\'']*'\''\|[^",'\'']*\)*\),/\1\t/;L;ta'
1 "John Doe","6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236 "B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236 "B,-,F,H,P,-" -55
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236 "B,-,F,H,P,-" -55
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236 "B,-,F,H,P,-" -55
但这符合需要。
echo '1,"John Doe","6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55' |
sed -e ':a;s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|'\''[^'\'']*'\''\|[^",'\'']*\)*\),/\1\t/;ta'
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236 "B,-,F,H,P,-" -55
很好,创建 sedscript :
cat >csv2tsv.sed <<eof
#!/bin/sed -f
# Coma separated values to Tab separated values
:a
s/^\(\("[^"]*"\|'[^']*'\|[^",']*\)*\),/\1\t/;
ta
eof
chmod +x csv2tsv.sed
现在:
cat >file.csv <<eof
A,B,"C,D",E,"F,G",H,"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen",33,MIS,"Taiwan, Taipei",M
1,"John Doe","6, rue Peuh",236,"B,-,F,H,P,-",-55
4,"hacker's string",'one quote: "I have no special talents. I am only passionat\
ely curious." - Albert Einstein',unquoted string,9,1,1,3
eof
./csv2tsv.sed file.csv
A B "C,D" E "F,G" H "I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen" 33 MIS "Taiwan, Taipei" M
1 "John Doe" "6, rue Peuh" 236 "B,-,F,H,P,-" -55
4 "hacker's string" 'one quote: "I have no special talents. I am only pa
ssionately curious." - Albert Einstein' unquoted string 9 1 1 3
答案 1 :(得分:7)
以下是使用GNU awk
和FPAT
变量的一种方式:
awk 'BEGIN { FPAT="([^,]+)|(\"[^\"]+\")"; OFS="|" } $1=$1' file
结果:
A|B|"C,D"|E|"F,G"|H|"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
答案 2 :(得分:4)
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="\""} {for (i=1;i<=NF;i+=2) gsub(/,/,"|",$i)}1' file
A|B|"C,D"|E|"F,G"|H|"I,J,K"
"Chang, Yao-Jen"|33|MIS|"Taiwan, Taipei"|M
答案 3 :(得分:2)
除非这是关于sed的学习练习,否则我会使用具有适当CSV解析器的语言,例如:
ruby -rcsv -ne '
puts CSV.generate_line(CSV.parse_line($_), {:col_sep => "|"})
' filename
输出
A|B|C,D|E|F,G|H|I,J,K
Chang, Yao-Jen|33|MIS|Taiwan, Taipei|M
报价已经消失。那是因为没有&#34;内部&#34;需要引用的分隔符。如果输入中出现了一些管道,那么您将在输出中看到一些双引号字段。