Question

我对编程很新，这是我第一次使用Python

创建复杂脚本

我正在创建的程序的目的是：

浏览文件列表（一个文件夹中共有360个文件）
在文件名中提取3个唯一字符，并根据3个字符创建一个文件夹（共60个唯一文件夹）
创建一个for循环，遍历源文件夹中的文件列表并将其移动到相应的目标文件夹。

示例：

文件名： KPHI_SDUS81_N3KDIX_201205261956

基于字符创建的文件夹： N3K

import os

#Creates a list based on file names in the folder
srcfile=os.listdir("E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\thunderstorm stuff")

#Directiory of where the source files are located
srcpath= "E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\thunderstorm stuff"

#Creates a list based on the location of where folders will be lcoated.
#List will be empty since for loop has not ran yet
targetsrc=os.listdir("E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\test folder")

#path of where the new folders created will be located
targetpath = "E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\test folder"

#empty list created to hold a string of 3 characters (see for loop below)
list=[]

#A list to hold the unique string values. (see 2nd for loop below)
Target=[]

#the for loop below looks at a file and gooes to the character place holder index of   12 and looks at the characters UP TO 15.
#It then assigns the three characters to a variable x which then passes the the string (the 3 characters) to an empty list called list. 
for num in srcfile:
  x=num[12:15]
  list.append(x)

#a test to see if the for loop above was able to exact the three characters from the list
print list
print srcfile

#created to see how big the list is which should match the amount of files in folder
print len(srcfile)
print len (list)

#a function created to make a folder based on a list
def create(s):
  targetpath = "E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\test folder"
  test=os.mkdir(os.path.join(targetpath,s))

#a dummy variable holder for the for loop below
valhold = "null"

#a nested if statement inside a for loop.
#The for loop goes through all the string values in a list called "list" (assigned to folder in for loop) 
#and checks it against a list called valhold.  If folder and valhold are not equal,
#the values in folder are appened to a list called Target.append which holds unique values.
#The next step is to create a folder a folder based off the list value "valhold"
for folder in list:
  if folder != valhold:
      Target.append(folder)
      valhold=folder
      create(valhold)
  else:
      valhold=folder

#a nested for loop which goes through all the files in the folder for the list "sourcefile"
#and finds a matching filename
for dst in Target:
  wheretonumber=0
  whereto = targetsrc(wheretonumber)  #Name of folder for a given index value "targetsrc"
  for file in list:
      filenumber=0
      filename=srcfile(filenumber) #Name of file for a given index value "sourcefile"
      if file == dst:
          ##os.rename(filename(filenumber),whereto(wheretonumber))
          ##shutil.move(filename,whereto)
      filenumber= filenumber+1
wheretonumber=wheretonumber+1

我可以在上面的项目符号列表中执行前两项操作，但很难让第三项工作正常。我已经研究过shutil.move，os.path.walk和os.rename函数，并且没有运气让他们工作。我一直收到错误：

whereto = targetsrc（wheretonumber） TypeError：'list'对象不可调用

我有os.rename和shutil.move注释掉，因为我正在尝试不同的功能。我的逻辑在方法上是正确的还是我错过了什么？有关其他功能的任何建议，可以尝试或更改我的代码，以便将文件移动到文件夹中吗？

Answer 1

要从list变量中删除重复项，只需使用内置的set()即可。并且不要使用list作为变量名称，此阴影内置list()。

列表使用方括号[]编制索引而不是parens。

除了空列表（你自己写的：#List will be empty since for loop has not ran yet）我无法看到你在哪里分配给targetsrc。空列表没有元素，因此即使L [0]也会超出范围。

尝试这样的事情：

import os
import shutil

srcpath = "E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\thunderstorm stuff"
srcfiles = os.listdir(srcpath)

destpath = "E:\\Learning Python\\Testing out\\test folder"

# extract the three letters from filenames and filter out duplicates
destdirs = list(set([filename[12:15] for filename in srcfiles]))


def create(dirname, destpath):
    full_path = os.path.join(destpath, dirname)
    os.mkdir(full_path)
    return full_path

def move(filename, dirpath):
    shutil.move(os.path.join(srcpath, filename)
                ,dirpath)

# create destination directories and store their names along with full paths
targets = [
    (folder, create(folder, destpath)) for folder in destdirs
]

for dirname, full_path in targets:
    for filename in srcfile:
        if dirname == filename[12:15]:
            move(filename, full_path)

如何使用Python匹配文件并将文件移动到相应的文件夹中

1 个答案: