Linux:创建随机目录/文件层次结构

时间:2012-11-15 15:08:11

标签: linux bash shell command-line-interface

为了测试工具,我需要一个目录,其中包含一系列深层嵌套结构的不同Office文件。我已经将文件放在目录中,但现在需要创建一些随机嵌套的子目录并将文件分散在其中。

我可以坐下来用我选择的编程语言编写一个合适的程序,但我想知道是否有一个聪明的Linux命令行工具组合+ Bash来实现我想要的。

编辑:澄清一下,我的输入是一个包含大约200个文件的目录。输出应该是一个目录层次结构,包含或多或少均匀分布的这些文件。目录名称不应超过单个字母,长度随机变化,并使用各种允许的字符(utf-8文件系统)。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

您可以使用bash brace-expansion

mkdir -p {a,b}/{e,f,g}/{h,i,j}

├───a
│   ├───e
│   │   ├───h
│   │   ├───i
│   │   └───j
│   ├───f
│   │   ├───h
│   │   ├───i
│   │   └───j
│   └───g
│       ├───h
│       ├───i
│       └───j
└───b
    ├───e
    │   ├───h
    │   ├───i
    │   └───j
    ├───f
    │   ├───h
    │   ├───i
    │   └───j
    └───g
        ├───h
        ├───i
        └───j

答案 1 :(得分:7)

这是一个生成随机目录结构的脚本:

#!/bin/bash

# Decimal ASCII codes (see man ascii)
ARR=( {48..57} {65..90} {97..122} )

# Array count
arrcount=${#ARR[@]}

# return a random string
get_rand_dir(){
    for ((i=1; i<$((RANDOM%30)); i++)) {
        printf \\$(printf '%03o' ${ARR[RANDOM%arrcount]});
    }
}

dir=/tmp/

# appending random characters to make a hierarchy
for ((i=0; i<$((RANDOM%100)); i++)) {
    dir+="$(get_rand_dir)/"
}

echo $dir
mkdir -p "$dir"

oldir=$(echo "$dir" | cut -d '/' -f1-3)

while [[ $dir ]]; do
    dir=${dir%/*}
    cd $dir
    for ((i=0; i<$((RANDOM%100)); i++)) {
        mkdir &>/dev/null -p $(get_rand_dir)
    }
done

tree "$oldir"

<强>输出

/tmp/x
├── egeDVPW
├── iOkr
├── l
├── o1gye8uF
├── q
│   ├── 4Dlrfagv
│   ├── 4Yxmoqf
│   ├── 8LkyIrXA
│   ├── 8m9kse8s
│   ├── aV
│   ├── in
│   │   ├── 12zdLso68HWlPK
│   │   │   ├── C
│   │   │   ├── DOYt8wUW
│   │   │   ├── FXP
│   │   │   ├── hFLem8
│   │   │   ├── hhHIv
│   │   │   ├── iD87kxs54x04
│   │   │   ├── oFM
│   │   │   ├── OjFT

现在你可以创建一个dirs数组:

shopt -s globstar # require bash4
dirs=( /tmp/x/** )
printf '%s\n' ${dirs[@]}

并随机填充dirs文件。你有足够的例子来做到这一点。我做了最辛苦的工作。

答案 2 :(得分:4)

感谢所有在此发布的人;事实证明,使用特殊字符来逃避文件名并不是真的很简单,所以我根据这些文件构建了自己的脚本;以下是特殊字符文件名的行为方式:

$ ~/rndtree.sh ./rndpath 0 3 1
Warning: will create random tree at: ./rndpath
Proceed (y/n)? y
Removing old outdir ./rndpath
mkdir -p ./rndpath/";"/{")?DxVBBJ{w2","L,|+","^VC)Vn.6!"}/"D+,IFJ( LN"
> > > > > > > > > > > 
./rndpath
└── [       4096]  ;
    ├── [       4096]  )?DxVBBJ{w2
    │   ├── [       4096]  D+,IFJ( LN
    │   │   └── [        929]  r2.bin
    │   ├── [       8557]  %3fsaG# Rl;ffXf.bin
    │   └── [      19945]  Dzk .bin
    ├── [       4096]  L,|+
    │   ├── [       4096]  D+,IFJ( LN
    │   │   ├── [       2325]  6Qg#pe5j'&ji49oqrO.bin
    │   │   ├── [      16345]  #?.bin
    │   │   └── [       2057]  Uz-0XtLVWz#}0lI.bin
    │   ├── [       2543]  bbtA-^s22vdTu.bin
    │   └── [      10848]  K46+kh7L9.bin
    ├── [       4096]  ^VC)Vn.6!
    │   ├── [       4096]  D+,IFJ( LN
    │   ├── [      10502]  8yY,MqZ ^5+_SA^.r4{.bin
    │   └── [      17628]  ipO"|69.bin
    └── [      12376]  a2Y% }G1.qDir.bin

7 directories, 11 files
total bytes: 136823 ./rndpath

这里有一个安全的ASCII子集:

$ ~/rndtree.sh ./rndpath 1 3 1
Warning: will create random tree at: ./rndpath
Proceed (y/n)? y
Removing old outdir ./rndpath
mkdir -p ./rndpath/"48SLS"/{"nyG","jIC6vj"}/{"PSLd5tMn","V R"}
> > > > > > > 
./rndpath
├── [       4096]  48SLS
│   ├── [       4096]  jIC6vj
│   │   ├── [       4096]  PSLd5tMn
│   │   ├── [       4096]  V R
│   │   │   ├── [        922]  lg.bin
│   │   │   └── [       9600]  VVYG.bin
│   │   ├── [      10883]  B7nt06p.bin
│   │   └── [      19339]  g5uT i.bin
│   ├── [       4096]  nyG
│   │   ├── [       4096]  PSLd5tMn
│   │   └── [       4096]  V R
│   │       └── [       6128]  1tfLR.bin
│   └── [       5448]  Jda.bin
└── [      18196]  KwEXu2O2H9s.bin

在两种情况下都应该处理空格 - 但是,请注意子目录名称重复(而文件名不重复)。

脚本rndtree.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13400312/linux-create-random-directory-file-hierarchy
# Decimal ASCII codes (see man ascii); added space
AARR=( 32 {48..57} {65..90} {97..122} )
# Array count
aarrcount=${#AARR[@]}

if [ "$1" == "" ] ; then
  OUTDIR="./rndpath" ;
else
  OUTDIR="$1" ;
fi

if [ "$2" != "" ] ; then
  ASCIIONLY="$2" ;
else
  ASCIIONLY=1 ;
fi

if [ "$3" != "" ] ; then
  DIRDEPTH="$3" ;
else
  DIRDEPTH=3 ;
fi

if [ "$4" != "" ] ; then
  MAXFIRSTLEVELDIRS="$4" ;
else
  MAXFIRSTLEVELDIRS=2 ;
fi

if [ "$5" != "" ] ; then
  MAXDIRCHILDREN="$5" ;
else
  MAXDIRCHILDREN=4 ;
fi

if [ "$6" != "" ] ; then
  MAXDIRNAMELEN="$6" ;
else
  MAXDIRNAMELEN=12 ;
fi

if [ "$7" != "" ] ; then
  MAXFILECHILDREN="$7" ;
else
  MAXFILECHILDREN=4 ;
fi

if [ "$8" != "" ] ; then
  MAXFILENAMELEN="$8" ;
else
  MAXFILENAMELEN=20 ;
fi

if [ "$9" != "" ] ; then
  MAXFILESIZE="$9" ;
else
  MAXFILESIZE=20000 ;
fi

MINDIRNAMELEN=1
MINFILENAMELEN=1
MINDIRCHILDREN=1
MINFILECHILDREN=0
MINFILESIZE=1
FILEEXT=".bin"
VERBOSE=0 #1

get_rand_dirname() {
  if [ "$ASCIIONLY" == "1" ]; then
    for ((i=0; i<$((MINDIRNAMELEN+RANDOM%MAXDIRNAMELEN)); i++)) {
      printf \\$(printf '%03o' ${AARR[RANDOM%aarrcount]});
    }
  else
    cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc '[ -~]' | tr -d '[$></~:`\\]' | head -c$((MINDIRNAMELEN + RANDOM % MAXDIRNAMELEN)) | sed 's/\(["]\)/\\\1/g'
  fi
  #echo -e " " # debug last dirname space
}

get_rand_filename() {
  if [ "$ASCIIONLY" == "1" ]; then
    for ((i=0; i<$((MINFILENAMELEN+RANDOM%MAXFILENAMELEN)); i++)) {
      printf \\$(printf '%03o' ${AARR[RANDOM%aarrcount]});
    }
  else
    # no need to escape double quotes for filename
    cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc '[ -~]' | tr -d '[$></~:`\\]' | head -c$((MINFILENAMELEN + RANDOM % MAXFILENAMELEN)) #| sed 's/\(["]\)/\\\1/g'
  fi
  printf "%s" $FILEEXT
}


echo "Warning: will create random tree at: $OUTDIR"
[ "$VERBOSE" == "1" ] && echo "  MAXFIRSTLEVELDIRS $MAXFIRSTLEVELDIRS ASCIIONLY $ASCIIONLY DIRDEPTH $DIRDEPTH MAXDIRCHILDREN $MAXDIRCHILDREN MAXDIRNAMELEN $MAXDIRNAMELEN MAXFILECHILDREN $MAXFILECHILDREN MAXFILENAMELEN $MAXFILENAMELEN MAXFILESIZE $MAXFILESIZE"

read -p "Proceed (y/n)? " READANS
if [ "$READANS" != "y" ]; then
  exit
fi

if [ -d "$OUTDIR" ]; then
  echo "Removing old outdir $OUTDIR"
  rm -rf "$OUTDIR"
fi

mkdir "$OUTDIR"

if [ $MAXFIRSTLEVELDIRS -gt 0 ]; then
  NUMFIRSTLEVELDIRS=$((1+RANDOM%MAXFIRSTLEVELDIRS))
else
  NUMFIRSTLEVELDIRS=0
fi



# create directories
for (( ifl=0;ifl<$((NUMFIRSTLEVELDIRS));ifl++ )) {
  FLDIR="$(get_rand_dirname)"
  FLCHILDREN="";
  for (( ird=0;ird<$((DIRDEPTH-1));ird++ )) {
    DIRCHILDREN=""; MOREDC=0;
    for ((idc=0; idc<$((MINDIRCHILDREN+RANDOM%MAXDIRCHILDREN)); idc++)) {
      CDIR="$(get_rand_dirname)" ;
      # make sure comma is last, so brace expansion works even for 1 element? that can mess with expansion math, though
      if [ "$DIRCHILDREN" == "" ]; then DIRCHILDREN="\"$CDIR\"" ;
      else DIRCHILDREN="$DIRCHILDREN,\"$CDIR\"" ; MOREDC=1 ; fi
    }
    if [ "$MOREDC" == "1" ] ; then
      if [ "$FLCHILDREN" == "" ]; then FLCHILDREN="{$DIRCHILDREN}" ;
      else FLCHILDREN="$FLCHILDREN/{$DIRCHILDREN}" ; fi
    else
      if [ "$FLCHILDREN" == "" ]; then FLCHILDREN="$DIRCHILDREN" ;
      else FLCHILDREN="$FLCHILDREN/$DIRCHILDREN" ; fi
    fi
  }
  DIRCMD="mkdir -p $OUTDIR/\"$FLDIR\"/$FLCHILDREN"
  eval "$DIRCMD"
  echo "$DIRCMD"
}

# now loop through all directories, create random files inside
# note printf '%q' escapes to preserve spaces; also here
# escape, and don't wrap path parts in double quotes (e.g. | sed 's_/_"/"_g');
# note then we STILL have to eval to use it!
# but now ls "$D" works, so noneed for QD
# unfortunately backslashes can make '%q' barf - prevent them
find "$OUTDIR" -type d | while IFS= read D ; do
  QD="$(printf '%q' "$(echo "$D")" )" ;
  [ "$VERBOSE" == "1" ] && echo "$D"; #echo "$QD"; ls -la "$D"; #eval "ls -la $QD";
  for ((ifc=0; ifc<$((MINFILECHILDREN+RANDOM%MAXFILECHILDREN)); ifc++)) {
    CFILE="$(get_rand_filename)" ;
    echo -n '> '
    [ "$VERBOSE" == "1" ] && echo "$D"/"$CFILE"
    cat /dev/urandom \
    | head -c$((MINFILESIZE + RANDOM % MAXFILESIZE)) \
    > "$D"/"$CFILE"
  }
done

echo
tree -a --dirsfirst -s "$OUTDIR"
echo "total bytes: $(du -bs $(echo "$OUTDIR"))"

答案 3 :(得分:2)

我对给定的答案不太满意,所以我想出了自己的答案。以下是我的输入文件并使用/ dev / urandom来收集10到256个可打印的字符,放入一些目录分隔符,创建目录层次结构并在其中放置文件。

使用urandom创建一些非常奇怪的目录名称,这对我的目的是有益的。我相信一个真正的Unix大师可以更加简化这一点。例如,dir构建可以在一个awk命令中完成。

#!/bin/bash
INDIR='files';

IFS=$'\n'
for FILE in `ls $INDIR/*`; do
    DIR=`cat /dev/urandom | \
         tr -dc '[ -~]' | \
         tr 'ABCDEF\\\\' '///////' | \
         head -c$((10 + $RANDOM % 256))`

    mkdir -p $DIR
    cp $FILE $DIR
done