通过增加元素的频率对数组进行排序

时间:2012-11-15 04:46:19

标签: c++ algorithm sorting

我想通过增加频率顺序对数组进行排序。例如,如果我有一个数组

int arr[] = { 3, 3, 10, 2, 5, 10, 10, 2, 2, 2 };

或其他数组中将包含以下序列:

int arr[] = {5, 3, 3, 10, 10, 10, 2, 2, 2, 2};

但是,我不能使用散列或地图 - 我只能使用数组。我想到的是使用快速排序算法对数组进行排序,扫描排序的数组并在2d数组中执行计数,以便对于每个元素,有一个与之关联的计数,然后按计数排序。如果两个计数相同,那么我只打印出具有较低值的计数。我在执行最后两个步骤时遇到了麻烦。我不确定如何将计数“映射”到2d数组中的索引,也不确定如何按计数对2d数组进行排序。任何人都可以帮我吗?谢谢!

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

扫描您的阵列(先排序优化,但不需要),然后生成下面结构的数组。现在对这些结构的数组进行排序,然后重新生成原始数组。

struct ElemCount {
    int Elem;
    int count;
    bool operator<(const ElemCount& other) {
        if (count!=other.count)
            return count<other.count;

        return Elem<other.Elem;
    }
};

答案 1 :(得分:2)

这就是我在没有STL的情况下编码它(需要额外的O(n)内存):

// Represents a bunch of equal numbers in an array
struct Bunch
{
  int x;  // value of numbers
  int n;  // count of numbers
};

int cmp_int(const void *x, const void *y)
{
  return *static_cast<const int*>(x) - *static_cast<const int*>(y);
}

int cmp_bunch(const void *x, const void *y)
{
  const Bunch* bx = static_cast<const Bunch*>(x);
  const Bunch* by = static_cast<const Bunch*>(y);
  return (bx->n != by->n) ? bx->n - by->n : bx->x - by->x;
}

void sort_by_freq(int arr[], int arr_size)
{
  // Buffer array to store counted bunches of numbers
  Bunch* buf = new Bunch [arr_size];
  int buf_size = 0;

  // Sort input array
  qsort(arr, arr_size, sizeof(int), cmp_int);

  // Compute bunches
  Bunch bunch;
  bunch.x = arr[0];
  bunch.n = 1;
  for (int i = 1; i < arr_size; ++i)
  {
    if (arr[i] > bunch.x)
    {
      buf[buf_size++] = bunch;
      bunch.x = arr[i];
      bunch.n = 1;
    }
    else
    {
      ++bunch.n;
    }
  }
  buf[buf_size++] = bunch;  // Don't forget the last one!

  // Sort bunches
  qsort(buf, buf_size, sizeof(Bunch), cmp_bunch);

  // Populate bunches to the input array
  int i = 0;
  for (int k = 0; k < buf_size; ++k)
    for (int j = 0; j < buf[k].n; ++j) arr[i++] = buf[k].x;

  // Don't forget to deallocate buffer, since we cannot rely on std::vector...
  delete [] buf;
}
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