按用户选择每列最后一个值,最简单的方法

时间:2012-11-13 15:59:55

标签: sql null

这是related previous question的扩展版本。我已经为Erwin Brandstetter发布了一个新问题,建议我这样做。 (在我回答第一个问题之后,我意识到我真的想要这个)

拥有以下数据(空白表示NULL):

ID    User  ColA    ColB    ColC
1     1     15              20
2     1     11      4       
3     1             3
4     2     5       5       10
5     2     6 
6     2             8
7     1             1

如何为所有用户获取每列的最后一个非NULL值,这是最简单的方法吗?因此,给定数据的结果将是:

User  ColA    ColB    ColC
1     11      1       20
2     6       8       10

我找不到多少,似乎与我所描述的类似的函数是COALESCE,但在我的情况下它没有按预期工作。

注意:标准SQL(如果可能),否则为PostgreSQL。所涉及列的计数可能会发生变化,因此与这三个特定列无关的解决方案将是最佳的。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

“标准”SQL

与我在上一个问题上发布的内容类似,recursive CTE非常优雅,可能是在标准SQL 中执行此操作的最快方法 - 特别是对于每个用户的许多行。

WITH RECURSIVE t AS (
   SELECT row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY usr ORDER  BY id DESC) AS rn
         ,usr, cola, colb, colc
   FROM   tbl
   )

   , x AS (
   SELECT rn, usr, cola, colb, colc
   FROM   t
   WHERE  rn = 1

   UNION ALL
   SELECT t.rn, t.usr
        , COALESCE(x.cola, t.cola)
        , COALESCE(x.colb, t.colb)
        , COALESCE(x.colc, t.colc)
   FROM   x
   JOIN   t USING (usr)
   WHERE  t.rn = x.rn + 1
   AND    (x.cola IS NULL OR x.colb IS NULL OR x.colc IS NULL)
   )
SELECT DISTINCT ON (usr)
       usr, cola, colb, colc
FROM   x
ORDER  BY usr, rn DESC;

-> sqlfiddle for requested PostgreSQL.

唯一的非标准元素是DISTINCT ON,它是标准中DISTINCT的扩展名。将最终SELECT替换为标准SQL:

SELECT usr
      ,max(cola) As cola
      ,max(colb) As colb
      ,max(colc) As colc
FROM   x
GROUP  BY usr
ORDER  BY usr;

“标准SQL”请求的用途有限。该标准仅存在于纸面上。没有RDBMS实现100%标准的SQL - 它也是毫无意义的,因为标准包括无意义的部分。可以说,PostgreSQL的实现是最接近标准的。

PL / pgSQL函数

此解决方案特定于PostgreSQL,但应该表现得非常好。

我正在建造在上面小提琴演示的同一张桌子上。

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_last_nonull_per_user()
RETURNS SETOF tbl AS
$func$
DECLARE
   _row tbl;  -- table name can be used as row type
   _new tbl;
BEGIN

FOR _new IN
   SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY usr, id DESC
LOOP
   IF _new.usr = _row.usr THEN 
      _row.id := _new.id;   -- copy only id
      IF _row.cola IS NULL AND _new.cola IS NOT NULL THEN
         _row.cola := _new.cola; END IF;   -- only if no value found yet
      IF _row.colb IS NULL AND _new.colb IS NOT NULL THEN
         _row.colb := _new.colb; END IF;
      IF _row.colc IS NULL AND _new.colc IS NOT NULL THEN
         _row.colc := _new.colc; END IF;
   ELSE
      IF _new.usr <> _row.usr THEN  -- doesn't fire on first row
         RETURN NEXT _row;
      END IF;   
      _row := _new;  -- remember row for next iteration
   END IF;
END LOOP;

RETURN NEXT _row;  -- return row for last usr

END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

致电:

SELECT * FROM f_last_nonull_per_user();

返回整行 - 包括我们需要填充所有列的最小id

答案 1 :(得分:1)

此查询很容易转换为MS SQL。如果您需要更多具体的内容添加评论。 Mysql查询:

<强> SQLFIDDLEExample

SELECT
t1.User,
(SELECT ColA 
           FROM Table1
           WHERE ColA is not null
           AND Table1.User = t1.User
           ORDER BY ID DESC
           LIMIT 1 ) as ColA,
(SELECT ColB 
           FROM Table1
           WHERE ColB is not null
           AND Table1.User = t1.User
           ORDER BY ID DESC
           LIMIT 1 ) as ColB,
(SELECT ColC 
           FROM Table1
           WHERE ColC is not null
           AND Table1.User = t1.User
           ORDER BY ID DESC
           LIMIT 1 ) as ColC
FROM Table1 t1
GROUP BY t1.User

结果:

| USER | COLA | COLB | COLC |
-----------------------------
|    1 |   11 |    1 |   20 |
|    2 |    6 |    8 |   10 |