Question

java.util.Observer和java.util.Observable很难看。它们需要使类型安全风扇不舒服的类型的演员表，并且你不能将类定义为多个事物的Observer而没有丑陋的演员表。实际上，在“How do I know the generic object that the Observer class sends in Java?”中，an answerer says在每个观察者/可观察者中只应使用一种类型的数据。

我正在尝试在Java中创建一个通用版本的观察者模式来解决这两个问题。它与前面提到的帖子没有什么不同，但这个问题没有明显解决（最后的评论是来自OP的未回答的问题）。

Answer 1

Observer.java

package util;

public interface Observer<ObservedType> {
    public void update(Observable<ObservedType> object, ObservedType data);
}

Observable.java

package util;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class Observable<ObservedType> {

    private List<Observer<ObservedType>> _observers = 
      new LinkedList<Observer<ObservedType>>();

    public void addObserver(Observer<ObservedType> obs) {
        if (obs == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Tried
                      to add a null observer");
        }
        if (_observers.contains(obs)) {
            return;
        }
        _observers.add(obs);
    }

    public void notifyObservers(ObservedType data) {
        for (Observer<ObservedType> obs : _observers) {
            obs.update(this, data);
        }
    }
}

希望这对某人有用。

Answer 2

我更喜欢使用注释，因此听众可以收听不同类型的事件。

public class BrokerTestMain {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        Broker broker = new Broker();
        broker.add(new Component());

        broker.publish("Hello");
        broker.publish(new Date());
        broker.publish(3.1415);
    }
}

class Component {
    @Subscription
    public void onString(String s) {
        System.out.println("String - " + s);
    }

    @Subscription
    public void onDate(Date d) {
        System.out.println("Date - " + d);
    }

    @Subscription
    public void onDouble(Double d) {
        System.out.println("Double - " + d);
    }
}

打印

String - Hello
Date - Tue Nov 13 15:01:09 GMT 2012
Double - 3.1415

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Subscription {
}

public class Broker {
    private final Map<Class, List<SubscriberInfo>> map = new LinkedHashMap<Class, List<SubscriberInfo>>();

    public void add(Object o) {
        for (Method method : o.getClass().getMethods()) {
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            if (method.getAnnotation(Subscription.class) == null || parameterTypes.length != 1) continue;
            Class subscribeTo = parameterTypes[0];
            List<SubscriberInfo> subscriberInfos = map.get(subscribeTo);
            if (subscriberInfos == null)
                map.put(subscribeTo, subscriberInfos = new ArrayList<SubscriberInfo>());
            subscriberInfos.add(new SubscriberInfo(method, o));
        }
    }

    public void remove(Object o) {
        for (List<SubscriberInfo> subscriberInfos : map.values()) {
            for (int i = subscriberInfos.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                if (subscriberInfos.get(i).object == o)
                    subscriberInfos.remove(i);
        }
    }

    public int publish(Object o) {
        List<SubscriberInfo> subscriberInfos = map.get(o.getClass());
        if (subscriberInfos == null) return 0;
        int count = 0;
        for (SubscriberInfo subscriberInfo : subscriberInfos) {
            subscriberInfo.invoke(o);
            count++;
        }
        return count;
    }

    static class SubscriberInfo {
        final Method method;
        final Object object;

        SubscriberInfo(Method method, Object object) {
            this.method = method;
            this.object = object;
        }

        void invoke(Object o) {
            try {
                method.invoke(object, o);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new AssertionError(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 3

现代更新： ReactiveX是一个非常好的基于Observer模式的异步编程API，它是完全通用的。如果您正在使用Observer / Observable将数据或事件从代码中的一个位置“流”到另一个位置，那么您一定要查看它。

它基于函数式编程，因此使用Java 8的lambda语法看起来非常流畅：

Observable.from(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
        .reduce((x, y) -> x + y)
        .map((v) -> "DecoratedValue: " + v)
        .subscribe(System.out::println);

Answer 4

我曾经使用dynamic proxies为Java编写了一个观察者模式的泛型实现。以下是如何使用它的示例：

Gru gru = new Gru();
Minion fred = new Minion();
fred.addObserver(gru);
fred.moo();

public interface IMinionListener
{
    public void laughing(Minion minion);
}

public class Minion extends AbstractObservable<IMinionListener>
{
    public void moo()
    {
        getEventDispatcher().laughing(this);
    }
}

public class Gru implements IMinionListener
{
    public void punch(Minion minion) { ... }

    public void laughing(Minion minion)
    {
        punch(minion);
    }
}

full source code of AbstractObservable is available on pastebin。回到我blogged about how it works in a bit more detail，也指相关项目。

Jaana wrote an interesting summary of different approaches，也将动态代理方法与其他方法进行对比。非常感谢当然to Allain Lalonde from which I got the original idea。我还没有签出PerfectJPattern，但它可能只包含a stable implementation of the observer pattern;至少它看起来像一个成熟的图书馆。

Answer 5

尝试使用Guava的类EventBus。

你可以声明一个像这样的观察者：

    public class EventObserver {
        @Subscribe 
        public void onMessage(Message message) {
            ...
        }
    }

像这样新推出一个EventBus：

EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();

并注册观察者：

eventBus.register(new EventObserver());

最后通知Observer，如：

eventBus.post(message);

Answer 6

我发现了类似的请求，但它更像是代码审查。我认为这里值得一提。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

/**
 * like java.util.Observable, But uses generics to avoid need for a cast.
 *
 * For any un-documented variable, parameter or method, see java.util.Observable
 */
public class Observable<T> {

    public interface Observer<U> {
        public void update(Observable<? extends U> observer, U arg);
    }

    private boolean changed = false;
    private final Collection<Observer<? super T>> observers;

    public Observable() {
        this(ArrayList::new);
    }

    public Observable(Supplier<Collection<Observer<? super T>>> supplier) {
        observers = supplier.get();
    }

    public void addObserver(final Observer<? super T> observer) {
        synchronized (observers) {
            if (!observers.contains(observer)) {
                observers.add(observer);
            }
        }
    }

    public void removeObserver(final Observer<? super T> observer) {
        synchronized (observers) {
            observers.remove(observer);
        }
    }

    public void clearObservers() {
        synchronized (observers) {
            this.observers.clear();
        }
    }

    public void setChanged() {
        synchronized (observers) {
            this.changed = true;
        }
    }

    public void clearChanged() {
        synchronized (observers) {
            this.changed = false;
        }
    }

    public boolean hasChanged() {
        synchronized (observers) {
            return this.changed;
        }
    }

    public int countObservers() {
        synchronized (observers) {
            return observers.size();
        }
    }

    public void notifyObservers() {
        notifyObservers(null);
    }

    public void notifyObservers(final T value) {
        ArrayList<Observer<? super T>> toNotify = null;
        synchronized(observers) {
            if (!changed) {
                return;
            }
            toNotify = new ArrayList<>(observers);
            changed = false;
        }
        for (Observer<? super T> observer : toNotify) {
            observer.update(this, value);
        }
    }
}

Original answer from codereview stackexchange

Java中的通用观察者模式

6 个答案: