我只是想知道ConfigurationManager.AppSettings [Key]是如何工作的?
每次需要密钥时,它是否从物理文件中读取?
如果是这样,我应该在缓存中读取web.config的所有应用程序设置,然后从中读取吗?
或者ASP.NET或IIS只在application_startup加载web.config文件一次。
如何验证每次读取是否访问物理文件?
如果我更改了web.config,IIS将重新启动我的应用程序,因此无法以这种方式进行验证。
谢谢,
答案 0 :(得分:83)
首次访问属性时会缓存它,因此每次请求值时它都不会从物理文件中读取。这就是为什么有必要重新启动Windows应用程序(或Refresh配置)以获取最新值,以及为什么在编辑web.config时ASP.Net应用程序会自动重新启动。回答How to prevent an ASP.NET application restarting when the web.config is modified中的参考文献讨论了为什么ASP.Net是硬连接重启的。
我们可以使用ILSpy验证这一点并查看System.Configuration的内部结构:
public static NameValueCollection AppSettings
{
get
{
object section = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("appSettings");
if (section == null || !(section is NameValueCollection))
{
throw new ConfigurationErrorsException(SR.GetString("Config_appsettings_declaration_invalid"));
}
return (NameValueCollection)section;
}
}
首先,这确实看起来每次都会得到该部分。看看GetSection:
public static object GetSection(string sectionName)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(sectionName))
{
return null;
}
ConfigurationManager.PrepareConfigSystem();
return ConfigurationManager.s_configSystem.GetSection(sectionName);
}
这里的关键线是PrepareConfigSystem()
方法;这会初始化ConfigurationManager持有的IInternalConfigSystem
字段的实例 - 具体类型为ClientConfigurationSystem
作为此加载的一部分,实例化Configuration类的实例。该类实际上是配置文件的对象表示,并且似乎由ClientConfigurationSystem的ClientConfigurationHost属性保存在静态字段中 - 因此它被缓存。
您可以通过执行以下操作(在Windows窗体或WPF应用程序中)凭经验测试:
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings")
事实上,如果我只是阅读RefreshSection方法的评论,我本可以节省一些时间: - )
/// <summary>Refreshes the named section so the next time that it is retrieved it will be re-read from disk.</summary>
/// <param name="sectionName">The configuration section name or the configuration path and section name of the section to refresh.</param>
答案 1 :(得分:7)
简单的答案是否定的,它并不总是从文件中读取它。有些人建议如果文件被更改,那么IIS会执行重启但不总是!如果您想保证从文件而不是缓存中读取最新值,则需要调用以下内容:
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings");
string fromFile = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get(key) ?? string.Empty;
我在代码中使用的一个例子:
/// ======================================================================================
/// <summary>
/// Refreshes the settings from disk and returns the specific setting so guarantees the
/// value is up to date at the expense of disk I/O.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key">The setting key to return.</param>
/// <remarks>This method does involve disk I/O so should not be used in loops etc.</remarks>
/// <returns>The setting value or an empty string if not found.</returns>
/// ======================================================================================
private string RefreshFromDiskAndGetSetting(string key)
{
// Always read from the disk to get the latest setting, this will add some overhead but
// because this is done so infrequently it shouldn't cause any real performance issues
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings");
return GetCachedSetting(key);
}
/// ======================================================================================
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the setting from cache so CANNOT guarantees the value is up to date but
/// does not involve disk I/O so can be called frequently.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key">The setting key to return.</param>
/// <remarks>This method cannot guarantee the setting is up to date.</remarks>
/// <returns>The setting value or an empty string if not found.</returns>
/// ======================================================================================
private string GetCachedSetting(string key)
{
return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get(key) ?? string.Empty;
}
这使您可以非常轻松地选择(以及在阅读代码时)是否每次都获得最新值,或者如果您不希望值从应用程序启动时更改。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
var file =
new FileInfo(@"\\MyConfigFilePath\Web.config");
DateTime first = file.LastAccessTime;
string fn = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FirstName"];
Thread.Sleep(2000);
DateTime second = file.LastAccessTime;
string sn = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Surname"];
Thread.Sleep(2000);
DateTime third = file.LastAccessTime;
All显示相同的LastAccessTime,这意味着它在启动时被缓存。
string fn1 = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FirstName"];
Thread.Sleep(2000);
DateTime fourth = file.LastAccessTime;