我一直在决定如何在Bash中声明一个变量或函数。
考虑以下假设:
对于全局变量,我应该使用:
foo=bar
- 功能内外?declare -g foo=bar
- 功能内外?local -g foo=bar
- 功能内部?对于 local 变量,我应该使用:
local foo=bar
declare foo=bar
对于只读变量,我应该使用:
declare -r foo=bar
local -r foo=bar
readonly foo
- 在下一行没有-r
标记的[1.]或[2.]之后。如果我应该使用函数:
foo() { echo bar; }
foo { echo bar; }
function foo() { echo bar; }
function foo { echo bar; }
答案 0 :(得分:2)
为了忘记它,我在.bashrc
的顶部附近以及每个Bash shell脚本文件中定义了以下内容:
# Allow to define an alias.
#
shopt -s expand_aliases
# Defines a function given a name, empty parentheses and a block of commands enclosed in braces.
#
# @param name the name of the function.
# @param parentheses the empty parentheses. (optional)
# @param commands the block of commands enclosed in braces.
# @return 0 on success, n != 0 on failure.
#
alias def=function
# Defines a value, i.e. read-only variable, given options, a name and an assignment of the form =value.
#
# Viable options:
# * -i - defines an integer value.
# * -a - defines an array value with integers as keys.
# * -A - defines an array value with strings as keys.
#
# @param options the options. (optional)
# @param name the name of the value.
# @param assignment the equals sign followed by the value.
# @return 0 on success, n != 0 on failure.
#
alias val="declare -r"
# Defines a variable given options, a name and an assignment of the form =value.
#
# Viable options:
# * -i - defines an integer variable.
# * -a - defines an array variable with integers as keys.
# * -A - defines an array variable with strings as keys.
#
# @param options the options. (optional)
# @param name the name of the variable.
# @param assignment the equals sign followed by the value. (optional)
# @return 0 on success, n != 0 on failure.
#
alias var=declare
# Declares a function as final, i.e. read-only, given a name.
#
# @param name the name of the function.
# @return 0 on success, n != 0 on failure.
#
alias final="readonly -f"
以上定义允许我举例说:
def foo { echo bar; }
。final foo
var foo=bar
val foo=bar
如注释所示,您可以混合和匹配各种变量标志,例如var -g foo=bar
表示全局(-g)变量(var)或val -Ai foobar=([foo]=0 [bar]=1)
表示只读(val),关联数组(-A)由整数(-i)值组成。
这种方法也带有隐式变量范围。此外,新引入的关键字def
,val
,var
和final
应该为使用JavaScript,Java,Scala等语言编程的任何软件工程师所熟悉。