我在Win7x64笔记本电脑上安装了Oracle 11.2,几乎一切正常。但有一点我不明白。我可以通过以下方式连接到示例HR模式:
sqlplus hr/password
但不是:
sqlplus hr/password@orcl
我得到ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
。
我偶然发现了这一点,因为我期待第二种选择是正确的。为什么我可以省略TNS别名?我是Oracle初学者,但是当我连接到其他环境时,需要TNS别名或者我无法建立连接。
我的tnsnames.ora
中有以下内容:
LISTENER_ORCL = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
ORACLR_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SID = CLRExtProc)(PRESENTATION = RO)))
ORCL, DUMMY = (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
我确信它已被使用,因为tnsping orcl
和tnsping dummy
都可以。有人可以向我解释一下吗?
更新1 :lsnrctl status
的输出如下:
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for 64-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 11-NOV-2012 00:43:22
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 15 min. 53 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File C:\app\Ronald\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
Listener Log File c:\app\ronald\diag\tnslsnr\Ronald-PDC\listener\alert\log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
SELECT name FROM v$database
的结果是一个数据库:ORCL
。
更新2 :tnsping orcl
的输出(为便于阅读而格式化)。
Used parameter files:
C:\app\Ronald\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (20 msec)
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您是否真的创建了名为ORCL的数据库实例?
使用命令
查看数据库的实际名称lsnrctl status
这应该告诉你监听器知道哪些服务,这是你在使用@语法连接时所说的。在没有@ORCL的情况下连接的原因是,在这种情况下,您正在使用进程间通信(IPC)并绕过侦听器,因为数据库与SQL * Plus客户端会话在同一台计算机上。
在第一个示例中连接时,您还可以找到数据库名称:
SELECT name FROM v$database;
编辑:
尝试使用EZConnect语法,看看是否有效:
sqlplus user/pw@localhost/ORCL
请记住TNSPING
除了联系监听器之外什么都不做 - 它不验证可以访问数据库。
还有一件事:看起来TCP可能不是侦听器配置的协议?检查你的listener.ora文件(与你的tnsnames.ora文件在同一目录中)。 LISTENER的条目应如下所示:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
我的TNSPING
输出在输出开始附近的一行中看起来有点不同:
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=myhost)(PORT=1521)))