我正在尝试使用PostgreSQL 9.2中添加的row_to_json()
函数将查询结果映射到JSON。
我无法找出将连接行表示为嵌套对象(1:1关系)的最佳方法
这是我尝试过的(设置代码:表格,示例数据,然后是查询):
-- some test tables to start out with:
create table role_duties (
id serial primary key,
name varchar
);
create table user_roles (
id serial primary key,
name varchar,
description varchar,
duty_id int, foreign key (duty_id) references role_duties(id)
);
create table users (
id serial primary key,
name varchar,
email varchar,
user_role_id int, foreign key (user_role_id) references user_roles(id)
);
DO $$
DECLARE duty_id int;
DECLARE role_id int;
begin
insert into role_duties (name) values ('Script Execution') returning id into duty_id;
insert into user_roles (name, description, duty_id) values ('admin', 'Administrative duties in the system', duty_id) returning id into role_id;
insert into users (name, email, user_role_id) values ('Dan', 'someemail@gmail.com', role_id);
END$$;
查询本身:
select row_to_json(row)
from (
select u.*, ROW(ur.*::user_roles, ROW(d.*::role_duties)) as user_role
from users u
inner join user_roles ur on ur.id = u.user_role_id
inner join role_duties d on d.id = ur.duty_id
) row;
我发现如果我使用ROW()
,我可以将结果字段分成一个子对象,但它似乎仅限于一个级别。我无法插入更多AS XXX
语句,因为我认为在这种情况下我需要这些语句。
我获得了列名,因为我转换为适当的记录类型,例如::user_roles
,就该表的结果而言。
以下是该查询返回的内容:
{
"id":1,
"name":"Dan",
"email":"someemail@gmail.com",
"user_role_id":1,
"user_role":{
"f1":{
"id":1,
"name":"admin",
"description":"Administrative duties in the system",
"duty_id":1
},
"f2":{
"f1":{
"id":1,
"name":"Script Execution"
}
}
}
}
我想要做的是为连接生成JSON(再次1:1很好),我可以添加连接,并将它们表示为它们加入的父对象的子对象,即如下所示: / p>
{
"id":1,
"name":"Dan",
"email":"someemail@gmail.com",
"user_role_id":1,
"user_role":{
"id":1,
"name":"admin",
"description":"Administrative duties in the system",
"duty_id":1
"duty":{
"id":1,
"name":"Script Execution"
}
}
}
}
感谢任何帮助。谢谢你的阅读。
答案 0 :(得分:119)
更新:在PostgreSQL 9.4中,这提高了很多with the introduction of to_json
, json_build_object
, json_object
and json_build_array
,但由于需要明确命名所有字段,所以它很冗长:
select
json_build_object(
'id', u.id,
'name', u.name,
'email', u.email,
'user_role_id', u.user_role_id,
'user_role', json_build_object(
'id', ur.id,
'name', ur.name,
'description', ur.description,
'duty_id', ur.duty_id,
'duty', json_build_object(
'id', d.id,
'name', d.name
)
)
)
from users u
inner join user_roles ur on ur.id = u.user_role_id
inner join role_duties d on d.id = ur.duty_id;
对于旧版本,请继续阅读。
它不仅限于一排,它只是有点痛苦。您不能使用AS
别名复合行类型,因此您需要使用别名子查询表达式或CTE来实现此效果:
select row_to_json(row)
from (
select u.*, urd AS user_role
from users u
inner join (
select ur.*, d
from user_roles ur
inner join role_duties d on d.id = ur.duty_id
) urd(id,name,description,duty_id,duty) on urd.id = u.user_role_id
) row;
通过http://jsonprettyprint.com/生成:
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Dan",
"email": "someemail@gmail.com",
"user_role_id": 1,
"user_role": {
"id": 1,
"name": "admin",
"description": "Administrative duties in the system",
"duty_id": 1,
"duty": {
"id": 1,
"name": "Script Execution"
}
}
}
当你有1:很多关系时,你会想要使用array_to_json(array_agg(...))
,顺便说一句。
理想情况下,上述查询应该写成:
select row_to_json(
ROW(u.*, ROW(ur.*, d AS duty) AS user_role)
)
from users u
inner join user_roles ur on ur.id = u.user_role_id
inner join role_duties d on d.id = ur.duty_id;
...但是PostgreSQL的ROW
构造函数不接受AS
列别名。不幸的是
谢天谢地,他们优化了同样的东西。比较计划:
ROW
constructor version删除了别名,以便执行因为CTE是优化围栏,所以将嵌套子查询版本改为使用链式CTE(WITH
表达式)可能不会执行,并且不会产生相同的计划。在这种情况下,你会遇到丑陋的嵌套子查询,直到我们对row_to_json
进行一些改进或者更直接地覆盖ROW
构造函数中的列名称。
无论如何,一般来说,原则是你想用列a, b, c
创建一个json对象,你希望你可以写出非法的语法:
ROW(a, b, c) AS outername(name1, name2, name3)
您可以使用标量子查询返回行类型值:
(SELECT x FROM (SELECT a AS name1, b AS name2, c AS name3) x) AS outername
或者:
(SELECT x FROM (SELECT a, b, c) AS x(name1, name2, name3)) AS outername
此外,请注意,您可以撰写json
值,而无需额外引用,例如:如果您将json_agg
的输出放在row_to_json
内,则内部json_agg
结果将不会被引用为字符串,它将直接合并为json。
e.g。在任意例子中:
SELECT row_to_json(
(SELECT x FROM (SELECT
1 AS k1,
2 AS k2,
(SELECT json_agg( (SELECT x FROM (SELECT 1 AS a, 2 AS b) x) )
FROM generate_series(1,2) ) AS k3
) x),
true
);
输出是:
{"k1":1,
"k2":2,
"k3":[{"a":1,"b":2},
{"a":1,"b":2}]}
请注意,json_agg
产品[{"a":1,"b":2}, {"a":1,"b":2}]
尚未再次转义,因为text
会是。
这意味着您可以撰写 json操作来构造行,您不必总是创建非常复杂的PostgreSQL复合类型,然后在输出上调用row_to_json
。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我对长期可维护性的建议是使用VIEW构建查询的粗略版本,然后使用如下函数:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fnc_query_prominence_users( )
RETURNS json AS $$
DECLARE
d_result json;
BEGIN
SELECT ARRAY_TO_JSON(
ARRAY_AGG(
ROW_TO_JSON(
CAST(ROW(users.*) AS prominence.users)
)
)
)
INTO d_result
FROM prominence.users;
RETURN d_result;
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
SECURITY INVOKER;
在这种情况下,对象prominence.users是一个视图。由于我选择了用户。*,如果我需要更新视图以在用户记录中包含更多字段,我将不必更新此功能。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我添加此解决方案是因为接受的响应未考虑N:N关系。 aka:对象集合的集合
如果您有N:N关系,则克劳拉with
是您的朋友。
在我的示例中,我想构建以下层次结构的树视图。
A Requirement - Has - TestSuites
A Test Suite - Contains - TestCases.
以下查询代表联接。
SELECT reqId ,r.description as reqDesc ,array_agg(s.id)
s.id as suiteId , s."Name" as suiteName,
tc.id as tcId , tc."Title" as testCaseTitle
from "Requirement" r
inner join "Has" h on r.id = h.requirementid
inner join "TestSuite" s on s.id = h.testsuiteid
inner join "Contains" c on c.testsuiteid = s.id
inner join "TestCase" tc on tc.id = c.testcaseid
GROUP BY r.id, s.id;
由于不能进行多个聚合,因此需要使用“ WITH”。
with testcases as (
select c.testsuiteid,ts."Name" , tc.id, tc."Title" from "TestSuite" ts
inner join "Contains" c on c.testsuiteid = ts.id
inner join "TestCase" tc on tc.id = c.testcaseid
),
requirements as (
select r.id as reqId ,r.description as reqDesc , s.id as suiteId
from "Requirement" r
inner join "Has" h on r.id = h.requirementid
inner join "TestSuite" s on s.id = h.testsuiteid
)
, suitesJson as (
select testcases.testsuiteid,
json_agg(
json_build_object('tc_id', testcases.id,'tc_title', testcases."Title" )
) as suiteJson
from testcases
group by testcases.testsuiteid,testcases."Name"
),
allSuites as (
select has.requirementid,
json_agg(
json_build_object('ts_id', suitesJson.testsuiteid,'name',s."Name" , 'test_cases', suitesJson.suiteJson )
) as suites
from suitesJson inner join "TestSuite" s on s.id = suitesJson.testsuiteid
inner join "Has" has on has.testsuiteid = s.id
group by has.requirementid
),
allRequirements as (
select json_agg(
json_build_object('req_id', r.id ,'req_description',r.description , 'test_suites', allSuites.suites )
) as suites
from allSuites inner join "Requirement" r on r.id = allSuites.requirementid
)
select * from allRequirements
它的作用是在少量项目中构建JSON对象,并将其聚集在每个with
子句中。
结果:
[
{
"req_id": 1,
"req_description": "<character varying>",
"test_suites": [
{
"ts_id": 1,
"name": "TestSuite",
"test_cases": [
{
"tc_id": 1,
"tc_title": "TestCase"
},
{
"tc_id": 2,
"tc_title": "TestCase2"
}
]
},
{
"ts_id": 2,
"name": "TestSuite",
"test_cases": [
{
"tc_id": 2,
"tc_title": "TestCase2"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"req_id": 2,
"req_description": "<character varying> 2 ",
"test_suites": [
{
"ts_id": 2,
"name": "TestSuite",
"test_cases": [
{
"tc_id": 2,
"tc_title": "TestCase2"
}
]
}
]
}
]