如何在以下情况下获得完整的追溯,包括func2
和func
函数的调用?
import traceback
def func():
try:
raise Exception('Dummy')
except:
traceback.print_exc()
def func2():
func()
func2()
当我运行时,我得到:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 5, in func
raise Exception('Dummy')
Exception: Dummy
traceback.format_stack()
不是我想要的,因为需要将traceback
个对象传递给第三方模块。
我对此案特别感兴趣:
import logging
def func():
try:
raise Exception('Dummy')
except:
logging.exception("Something awful happened!")
def func2():
func()
func2()
在这种情况下我得到:
ERROR:root:Something awful happened!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 9, in func
raise Exception('Dummy')
Exception: Dummy
答案 0 :(得分:33)
正如mechmind所回答的那样,堆栈跟踪仅包含引发异常的站点与try
块的站点之间的帧。如果你需要完整的堆栈跟踪,显然你运气不好。
除了显然可以将堆栈条目从顶层提取到当前帧之外 - traceback.extract_stack
管理它就好了。问题是traceback.extract_stack
获得的信息来自堆栈帧的直接检查,而不会在任何时候创建回溯对象,logging
API需要回溯对象来影响回溯输出。
幸运的是,logging
并不需要实际的追踪对象,它需要一个可以传递给traceback
模块的格式化例程的对象。 traceback
并不关心 - 它只使用了追溯的两个属性,即框架和行号。因此,应该可以创建一个鸭型faux-traceback对象的链接列表,并将其作为回溯传递出去。
import sys
class FauxTb(object):
def __init__(self, tb_frame, tb_lineno, tb_next):
self.tb_frame = tb_frame
self.tb_lineno = tb_lineno
self.tb_next = tb_next
def current_stack(skip=0):
try: 1/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame
for i in xrange(skip + 2):
f = f.f_back
lst = []
while f is not None:
lst.append((f, f.f_lineno))
f = f.f_back
return lst
def extend_traceback(tb, stack):
"""Extend traceback with stack info."""
head = tb
for tb_frame, tb_lineno in stack:
head = FauxTb(tb_frame, tb_lineno, head)
return head
def full_exc_info():
"""Like sys.exc_info, but includes the full traceback."""
t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
full_tb = extend_traceback(tb, current_stack(1))
return t, v, full_tb
有了这些功能,您的代码只需要进行一些简单的修改:
import logging
def func():
try:
raise Exception('Dummy')
except:
logging.error("Something awful happened!", exc_info=full_exc_info())
def func2():
func()
func2()
...给出预期的输出:
ERROR:root:Something awful happened!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "a.py", line 52, in <module>
func2()
File "a.py", line 49, in func2
func()
File "a.py", line 43, in func
raise Exception('Dummy')
Exception: Dummy
请注意,faux-traceback对象完全可用于内省显示局部变量或作为pdb.post_mortem()
的参数 - 因为它们包含对实际堆栈帧的引用。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
异常冒泡时收集堆栈跟踪。所以你应该在所需的堆栈上打印回溯:
import traceback
def func():
raise Exception('Dummy')
def func2():
func()
try:
func2()
except:
traceback.print_exc()
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我写了一个写一个更完整的追溯的模块
(你也可以从pypi获得模块
sudo pip install pd
)
要捕获和pring例外,请执行以下操作:
import pd
try:
<python code>
except BaseException:
pd.print_exception_ex( follow_objects = 1 )
堆栈跟踪在这里看起来像这样:
Exception: got it
#1 def kuku2(self = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, depth = 1) at t test_pd.py:29
Calls next frame at:
raise Exception('got it') at: test_pd.py:29
#2 def kuku2(self = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, depth = 2) at test_pd.py:28
Calls next frame at:
self.kuku2( depth - 1 ) at: test_pd.py:28
#3 def kuku2(self = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, depth = 3) at test_pd.py:28
Calls next frame at:
self.kuku2( depth - 1 ) at: test_pd.py:28
#4 def kuku2(self = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, depth = 4) at test_pd.py:28
Calls next frame at:
self.kuku2( depth - 1 ) at: test_pd.py:28
#5 def kuku2(self = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, depth = 5) at test_pd.py:28
Calls next frame at:
self.kuku2( depth - 1 ) at: test_pd.py:28
#6 def kuku2(self = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}, depth = 6) at test_pd.py:28
Calls next frame at:
self.kuku2( depth - 1 ) at: test_pd.py:28
#7 def main() at test_pd.py:44
Local variables:
n = {'a': 42, 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4]}
Calls next frame at:
pd.print_exception_ex( follow_objects = 1 ) at: test_pd.py:44
follow_objects = 0不会打印出对象内容(使用复杂的数据结构follow_objects可能需要很长时间)。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
这是基于@ user4815162342的答案,但更为简单:
import sys
import collections
FauxTb = collections.namedtuple("FauxTb", ["tb_frame", "tb_lineno", "tb_next"])
def full_exc_info():
"""Like sys.exc_info, but includes the full traceback."""
t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
f = sys._getframe(2)
while f is not None:
tb = FauxTb(f, f.f_lineno, tb)
f = f.f_back
return t, v, tb
它避免引发伪异常,但以要求使用sys._getframe()
为代价。假定正在使用捕获了异常的except
子句,因为它上升到堆栈帧(full_exc_info
和调用full_exc_info
的函数-那将是调用该函数提升代码,因此已包含在原始回溯中。
这将提供与user4815162342的答案中的代码相同的输出。
如果您不介意格式上的细微差别,也可以使用
import logging
def func():
try:
raise Exception('Dummy')
except:
logging.exception("Something awful happened!", stack_info=True)
def func2():
func()
func2()
这将导致
ERROR:root:Something awful happened!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 5, in func
raise Exception('Dummy')
Exception: Dummy
Stack (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 12, in <module>
func2()
File "test.py", line 10, in func2
func()
File "test.py", line 7, in func
logging.exception("Something awful happened!", stack_info=True)
在这种情况下,您将获得从try到异常的跟踪,从根调用到日志记录调用的位置的跟踪。
答案 4 :(得分:-1)
可以从回溯中提取更多信息,我有时更喜欢更整洁,更“逻辑”的信息,而不是带有文件,行号和跟踪返回的代码片段的多行blob。最好一行说出所有必需品。
为实现这一点,我使用以下功能:
def raising_code_info():
code_info = ''
try:
frames = inspect.trace()
if(len(frames)):
full_method_name = frames[0][4][0].rstrip('\n\r').strip()
line_number = frames[1][2]
module_name = frames[0][0].f_globals['__name__']
if(module_name == '__main__'):
module_name = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]).replace('.py','')
class_name = ''
obj_name_dot_method = full_method_name.split('.', 1)
if len(obj_name_dot_method) > 1:
obj_name, full_method_name = obj_name_dot_method
try:
class_name = frames[0][0].f_locals[obj_name].__class__.__name__
except:
pass
method_name = module_name + '.'
if len(class_name) > 0:
method_name += class_name + '.'
method_name += full_method_name
code_info = '%s, line %d' % (method_name, line_number)
finally:
del frames
sys.exc_clear()
return code_info
它给出了。和行号,例如:
(示例模块名称:test.py):
(line 73:)
def function1():
print 1/0
class AClass(object):
def method2(self):
a = []
a[3] = 1
def try_it_out():
# try it with a function
try:
function1()
except Exception, what:
print '%s: \"%s\"' % (raising_code_info(), what)
# try it with a method
try:
my_obj_name = AClass()
my_obj_name.method2()
except Exception, what:
print '%s: \"%s\"' % (raising_code_info(), what)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try_it_out()
test.function1(), line 75: "integer division or modulo by zero"
test.AClass.method2(), line 80: "list assignment index out of range"
在某些用例中可能会稍微整洁一些。