我们说我有一个字符串列表:
a = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd']
我想列出连续出现至少两次的项目列表:
result = ['a', 'c']
我知道我必须使用for循环,但我无法弄清楚如何定位连续重复的项目。 我怎么能这样做?
编辑:如果相同的项目在a中重复两次怎么办?然后设置函数将无效
a = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'd', 'd']
result = ['a', 'a', 'd']
答案 0 :(得分:6)
在这里试试itertools.groupby()
:
>>> from itertools import groupby,islice
>>> a = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'b']
>>> [list(g) for k,g in groupby(a)]
[['a', 'a'], ['b'], ['c', 'c', 'c'], ['b']]
>>> [k for k,g in groupby(a) if len(list(g))>=2]
['a', 'c']
使用islice()
:
>>> [k for k,g in groupby(a) if len(list(islice(g,0,2)))==2]
>>> ['a', 'c']
使用zip()
和izip()
:
In [198]: set(x[0] for x in izip(a,a[1:]) if x[0]==x[1])
Out[198]: set(['a', 'c'])
In [199]: set(x[0] for x in zip(a,a[1:]) if x[0]==x[1])
Out[199]: set(['a', 'c'])
timeit
结果:
from itertools import *
a='aaaabbbccccddddefgggghhhhhiiiiiijjjkkklllmnooooooppppppppqqqqqqsssstuuvv'
def grp_isl():
[k for k,g in groupby(a) if len(list(islice(g,0,2)))==2]
def grpby():
[k for k,g in groupby(a) if len(list(g))>=2]
def chn():
set(x[1] for x in chain(izip(*([iter(a)] * 2)), izip(*([iter(a[1:])] * 2))) if x[0] == x[1])
def dread():
set(a[i] for i in range(1, len(a)) if a[i] == a[i-1])
def xdread():
set(a[i] for i in xrange(1, len(a)) if a[i] == a[i-1])
def inrow():
inRow = []
last = None
for x in a:
if last == x and (len(inRow) == 0 or inRow[-1] != x):
inRow.append(last)
last = x
def zipp():
set(x[0] for x in zip(a,a[1:]) if x[0]==x[1])
def izipp():
set(x[0] for x in izip(a,a[1:]) if x[0]==x[1])
if __name__=="__main__":
import timeit
print "islice",timeit.timeit("grp_isl()", setup="from __main__ import grp_isl")
print "grpby",timeit.timeit("grpby()", setup="from __main__ import grpby")
print "dread",timeit.timeit("dread()", setup="from __main__ import dread")
print "xdread",timeit.timeit("xdread()", setup="from __main__ import xdread")
print "chain",timeit.timeit("chn()", setup="from __main__ import chn")
print "inrow",timeit.timeit("inrow()", setup="from __main__ import inrow")
print "zip",timeit.timeit("zipp()", setup="from __main__ import zipp")
print "izip",timeit.timeit("izipp()", setup="from __main__ import izipp")
<强>输出:强>
islice 39.9123107277
grpby 30.1204478987
dread 17.8041124706
xdread 15.3691785568
chain 17.4777339702
inrow 11.8577565327
zip 16.6348844045
izip 15.1468557105
<强>结论:强>
与其他替代方案相比,Poke's solution是最快的解决方案。
答案 1 :(得分:5)
这听起来像是家庭作业,所以我只想概述一下我会做什么:
a
,但将每个元素的索引保存在变量中。 enumerate()
会很有用。for
循环内部,从当前项目的索引处开始while
循环。break
在这里很有用。result
2,则将该项目附加到>=
。答案 2 :(得分:3)
我的看法:
>>> a = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd']
>>> inRow = []
>>> last = None
>>> for x in a:
if last == x and (len(inRow) == 0 or inRow[-1] != x):
inRow.append(last)
last = x
>>> inRow
['a', 'c']
答案 3 :(得分:3)
怎么样:
set([a[i] for i in range(1, len(a)) if a[i] == a[i-1]])
答案 4 :(得分:2)
这是一个Python单行程,可以完成我认为你想要的。它使用itertools
包:
from itertools import chain, izip
a = "aabbbdeefggh"
set(x[1] for x in chain(izip(*([iter(a)] * 2)), izip(*([iter(a[1:])] * 2))) if x[0] == x[1])
答案 5 :(得分:1)
编辑过的问题要求避免使用set(),排除大部分答案。
我以为我会将花哨的单行列表理解与@poke和我创建的另一个很好的循环进行比较:
from itertools import *
a = 'aaaabbbccccaaaaefgggghhhhhiiiiiijjjkkklllmnooooooaaaaaaaaqqqqqqsssstuuvv'
def izipp():
return set(x[0] for x in izip(a, a[1:]) if x[0] == x[1])
def grpby():
return [k for k,g in groupby(a) if len(list(g))>=2]
def poke():
inRow = []
last = None
for x in a:
if last == x and (len(inRow) == 0 or inRow[-1] != x):
inRow.append(last)
last = x
return inRow
def dread2():
repeated_chars = []
previous_char = ''
for char in a:
if repeated_chars and char == repeated_chars[-1]:
continue
if char == previous_char:
repeated_chars.append(char)
else:
previous_char = char
return repeated_chars
if __name__=="__main__":
import timeit
print "izip",timeit.timeit("izipp()", setup="from __main__ import izipp"),''.join(izipp())
print "grpby",timeit.timeit("grpby()", setup="from __main__ import grpby"),''.join(grpby())
print "poke",timeit.timeit("poke()", setup="from __main__ import poke"),''.join(poke())
print "dread2",timeit.timeit("dread2()", setup="from __main__ import dread2"),''.join(dread2())
给我结果:
izip 13.2173779011 acbgihkjloqsuv
grpby 18.1190848351 abcaghijkloaqsuv
poke 11.8500328064 abcaghijkloaqsuv
dread2 9.0088801384 abcaghijkloaqsuv
因此,基本循环似乎比所有列表推导更快,并且速度是groupby的两倍。然而,基本循环的读写更复杂,所以在大多数情况下我可能会坚持使用groupby()。
答案 6 :(得分:0)
这是一个正则表达式:
>>> mylist = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'a', 'a']
>>> results = [match[0][0] for match in re.findall(r'((\w)\2{1,})', ''.join(mylist))]
>>> results
['a', 'c', 'a']
抱歉,懒得定时。
答案 7 :(得分:0)
a = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd']
res=[]
for i in a:
if a.count(i)>1 and i not in res:
res.append(i)
print(res)
答案 8 :(得分:0)
使用enumerate连续检查两个:
def repetitives(long_list)
repeaters = []
for counter,item in enumerate(long_list):
if item == long_list[counter-1] and item not in repeaters:
repeaters.append(item)
return repeaters