这是注册延迟吗?

时间:2012-10-22 16:20:37

标签: cuda

我正在对GTX680进行一些性能CUDA测试,并且想知道是否有人可以帮助我理解为什么我会得到以下性能结果。我正在运行的代码如下:

#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;


__global__ void test_hardcoded(int rec,int * output)
{

    int a;
    int rec2=rec/2;
    if(threadIdx.x==1000) *output=rec;
    if(threadIdx.x==1000) *(output+1)=rec2;

    for (int i=0;i<10000;i++)
    {
        __syncthreads();
        a+=i;
    }
    if(threadIdx.x==1000) *output=a;   //will never happen but should fool compiler as to not skip the for loop

}
__global__ void test_softcoded(int rec,int * output)
{
    int a;
    int rec2=rec/2; //This should ensure that we are using the a register not constant memory
    if(threadIdx.x==1000) *output=rec;
    if(threadIdx.x==1000) *(output+1)=rec2;

    for (int i=0;i<=rec2;i++)
    {    __syncthreads();
        a+=i;
    }
    if(threadIdx.x==1000) *output=a;   //will never happen but should fool compiler as to not skip the for loop

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    float timestamp;
    cudaEvent_t event_start,event_stop;
    // Initialise
    cudaSetDevice(0);

    cudaEventCreate(&event_start);
    cudaEventCreate(&event_stop);
    cudaEventRecord(event_start, 0);
    dim3 threadsPerBlock;
    dim3 blocks;
    threadsPerBlock.x=32;
    threadsPerBlock.y=32;
    threadsPerBlock.z=1;
    blocks.x=1;
    blocks.y=1000;
    blocks.z=1;

    cudaEventRecord(event_start);
    test_hardcoded<<<blocks,threadsPerBlock,0>>>(10000,NULL);
    cudaEventRecord(event_stop, 0);
    cudaEventSynchronize(event_stop);
    cudaEventElapsedTime(&timestamp, event_start, event_stop);
    printf("test_hardcoded() took  %fms \n", timestamp);

    cudaEventRecord(event_start);
    test_softcoded<<<blocks,threadsPerBlock,0>>>(20000,NULL);
    cudaEventRecord(event_stop, 0);
    cudaEventSynchronize(event_stop);
    cudaEventElapsedTime(&timestamp, event_start, event_stop);
    printf("test_softcoded() took  %fms \n", timestamp);

}

根据代码我正在运行两个内核。他们所做的只是循环和添加。唯一的区别是test_softcoded()循环与寄存器进行比较,而test_hardcoded()直接与硬编码整数进行比较。

当我运行上面的代码时,我得到以下结果

$ nvcc -arch=sm_30 test7.cu
$ ./a.out

test_hardcoded() took  51.353985ms 
test_softcoded() took  99.209694ms 

test_hardcoded()函数比test-softcoded()快两倍!!!!

据我所知,在test_softcoded()中有一个潜在的读取后写入注册表依赖,但我的意识是注册表延迟完全隐藏为高占用率,它应该非常高),所以我想知道可能是什么问题以及如何提高test_softcoded()的性能。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

由于这个硬编码值,编译器可以进行一些优化,例如循环展开,这可能会使性能提高一些。这可能是原因。

您可以通过在“test_softcoded”中添加一些展开到for循环来检查它 在'for(int i = 0; i&lt; = rec2; i ++)'之前添加'#pragma unroll 5000'之类的代码并运行它将解决您的疑问。