在prolog中拆分列表

时间:2012-10-19 15:49:13

标签: list split prolog element

我对Prolog很新,我需要一些小问题的帮助:

我正试图在两个列表中分割一对情侣列表。第一个列表包含具有给定键的所有对,第二个列表包含所有其他对象。

这是我到目前为止的代码:

splitList([],_,[],[]).
splitList([(A,X)|Rest], B, [Elem1|List1], [Elem2|List2]):-
    (
        A == B
    ->
        Elem1 = (A,X),
        splitList(Rest, B, List1, [Elem2|List2])
    ;
        Elem2 = (A,X),
        splitList(Rest, B, [Elem1|List1], List2)
    ).

当我尝试测试时,这就是我得到的:

[trace] [3] 143 ?- splitList([(1,yellow),(1,blue),(2,yellow),(2,blue)],1,X,Y).
   Call: (37) splitList([ (1, yellow), (1, blue), (2, yellow), (2, blue)], 1, _G4821, _G4822) ? creep
   Call: (38) 1==1 ? creep
   Exit: (38) 1==1 ? creep
   Call: (38) _G4928= (1, yellow) ? creep
   Exit: (38) (1, yellow)= (1, yellow) ? creep
   Call: (38) splitList([ (1, blue), (2, yellow), (2, blue)], 1, _G4929, [_G4931|_G4932]) ? creep
   Call: (39) 1==1 ? creep
   Exit: (39) 1==1 ? creep
   Call: (39) _G4940= (1, blue) ? creep
   Exit: (39) (1, blue)= (1, blue) ? creep
   Call: (39) splitList([ (2, yellow), (2, blue)], 1, _G4941, [_G4931|_G4932]) ? creep
   Call: (40) 2==1 ? creep
   Fail: (40) 2==1 ? creep
   Call: (40) _G4931= (2, yellow) ? creep
   Exit: (40) (2, yellow)= (2, yellow) ? creep
   Call: (40) splitList([ (2, blue)], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4932) ? creep
   Call: (41) 2==1 ? creep
   Fail: (41) 2==1 ? creep
   Call: (41) _G4958= (2, blue) ? creep
   Exit: (41) (2, blue)= (2, blue) ? creep
   Call: (41) splitList([], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4959) ? creep
   Fail: (41) splitList([], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4959) ? creep
   Fail: (40) splitList([ (2, blue)], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4932) ? creep
   Fail: (39) splitList([ (2, yellow), (2, blue)], 1, _G4941, [_G4931|_G4932]) ? creep
   Fail: (38) splitList([ (1, blue), (2, yellow), (2, blue)], 1, _G4929, [_G4931|_G4932]) ? creep
   Fail: (37) splitList([ (1, yellow), (1, blue), (2, yellow), (2, blue)], 1, _G4821, _G4822) ? creep
false.

明显的解决方案应该是X = [(1,黄色),(1,蓝色)]和Y = [(2,黄色),(2,蓝色)],但我得到假。 有人能告诉我我做错了吗?

提前致谢,

WALLE

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

让我们看一下倒数第二个递归调用:

splitList([(2,blue)], 1, [Elem1|List1], [Elem2|List2])
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^

在我标记的地方,您希望第一个列表仍然至少有一个元素。但是,最后一次递归调用无法满足此条件。这就是它失败的原因。跟踪的相关部分是:

# penultimate call:
Call: (40) splitList([ (2, blue)], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4932) ? creep
[…]
# last call:
Call: (41) splitList([], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4959) ? creep
Fail: (41) splitList([], 1, [_G4949|_G4950], _G4959) ? creep

没有替代允许_G4949变量在最后一次调用中存在。

我会这样写:

splitList([], _, [], []).
splitList([(A, X)|Rest], A, [(A, X)|Rest1], Rest2) :-
        splitList(Rest, A, Rest1, Rest2).
splitList([(A, X)|Rest], B, Rest1, [(A, X)|Rest2]) :-
        A =\= B,
        splitList(Rest, B, Rest1, Rest2).
顺便说一句,问题很好!

答案 1 :(得分:4)

问题出在基本情况中。 采取身体中的任何两种情况:

splitList(Rest, B, List1, [Elem2|List2])

当你到达最后时,除最后一个参数外,所有内容都正确统一,即Rest=[], B=_, List1=[] ...但[Elem2|List2]未与[]统一。

所以程序失败了。

尝试这样的事情(我没有运行过):

splitList([],_,[],[]).
splitList([(A,X)|Rest], A, [(A,X)|List1], List2):- !
        splitList(Rest, A, List1, List2).
splitList([(B,X)|Rest], A, List1, [(B,X) | List2]):- 
        splitList(Rest, A, List1, List2).

答案 2 :(得分:1)

无需担心编写递归代码(以及关于正确编写代码)!

我们将splitList/4定义如下(使用 tpartition/4lambdas(=)/3):

:- use_module(library(lambda)).

splitList(KVs,K,Hits,Misses) :-
   tpartition(K+\(K0,_)^(K0=K),KVs,Hits,Misses).

示例查询:

?- splitList([(1,yellow),(2,green),(1,blue),(2,red)],1,Hits,Misses).
Hits = [(1,yellow),(1,blue)], Misses = [(2,green),(2,red)].   % deterministic

a lil'位更通用?

?- splitList([(1,yellow),(2,green),(1,blue),(2,red)],K,Hits,Misses).
      K=1 ,           Hits = [(1,yellow),(1,blue)], Misses = [(2, green),(2, red)]
;               K=2 , Hits = [(2, green),(2, red)], Misses = [(1,yellow),(1,blue)]
; dif(K,1), dif(K,2), Hits = []                   , Misses = [(1,yellow),(1,blue),
                                                              (2, green),(2, red)].