是否可以使用PostgreSQL中的触发器创建更新并插入已发生在表中的更改的sql语句,并将它们记录到文件中以便以后执行。
这只是暂时使用,所以只是快速而肮脏的事情。
答案 0 :(得分:30)
来自的审计触发器示例 https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/plpgsql-trigger.html
CREATE TABLE emp (
empname text NOT NULL,
salary integer
);
CREATE TABLE emp_audit(
operation char(1) NOT NULL,
stamp timestamp NOT NULL,
userid text NOT NULL,
empname text NOT NULL,
salary integer
);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION process_emp_audit() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $emp_audit$
BEGIN
--
-- Create a row in emp_audit to reflect the operation performed on emp,
-- make use of the special variable TG_OP to work out the operation.
--
IF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN
INSERT INTO emp_audit SELECT 'D', now(), user, OLD.*;
RETURN OLD;
ELSIF (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') THEN
INSERT INTO emp_audit SELECT 'U', now(), user, NEW.*;
RETURN NEW;
ELSIF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN
INSERT INTO emp_audit SELECT 'I', now(), user, NEW.*;
RETURN NEW;
END IF;
RETURN NULL; -- result is ignored since this is an AFTER trigger
END;
$emp_audit$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER emp_audit
AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON emp
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE process_emp_audit();
答案 1 :(得分:8)
您确实需要存储在表中的查询的审核日志吗?获取包含所有已执行查询的文件的最简单方法是使用postgresql的内置日志记录。
在postgresql.conf中(通常在$ PG_DATA目录中),适当地设置以下选项:
log_directory '/path/to/log/dir'
log_filename = 'filename.log'
log_statement = 'mod'
最后一个选项使它记录所有INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,TRUNCATE和COPY FROM语句。
Postgres文档中的更多详细信息:http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/runtime-config-logging.html
答案 2 :(得分:4)
以下链接应指向正确的方向。
http://developer.postgresql.org/pgdocs/postgres/sql-createtrigger.html
根据您的目的,最好打开日志记录。
答案 3 :(得分:2)
PostgreSQL表日志作者:Andreas Scherbaum是一个Postgresql扩展,它使用触发器将特定表上的任何INSERT,UPDATE和DELETE记录到另一个表中。
用法很简单:您创建第二个表格,其格式与您想要关注的表格相同。此外,您还需要一些额外的列来维护记录的数据。
tablelog的第二部分能够在过去的任何时间恢复原始表或特定行的状态。
我自己没有尝试过,但它应该有效。
还有关于tablelog的讨论中的幻灯片,但由于一些stackoverflow反垃圾邮件怪异,我无法在此发布正确的链接:)(http:// andreas.scherbaum.la/writings/tablelog.pdf)。
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/tablelog/
http:// andreas.scherbaum.la/blog/archives/100-Log-Table-Changes-in-PostgreSQL-with-tablelog.html
答案 4 :(得分:2)
这是一个非常常见的要求,因此以下答案基于this article on my blog。
如果仅对执行的语句感兴趣,则只需激活PostgreSQL语句日志。
为此,打开postgresql.conf
文件并设置以下配置属性:
log_statement = 'all'
随后,您将在以下路径下看到SQL语句记录在文件中:
$PG_DATA/pg_log/postgresql-YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS.log
但是,如果要记录行级更改,则需要一种可以使用触发器实现的审核日志记录机制,如下所示。
让我们考虑一下以下数据库表:
book_audit_log
将存储book
表中发生的所有更改。
book_audit_log
的创建方式如下:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS book_audit_log (
book_id bigint NOT NULL,
old_row_data jsonb,
new_row_data jsonb,
dml_type dml_type NOT NULL,
dml_timestamp timestamp NOT NULL,
dml_created_by varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (book_id, dml_type, dml_timestamp)
)
book_id
列存储当前执行中的DML语句插入,更新或删除的关联书表记录的标识符。
old_row_data
和new_row_data
列为JSONB类型,它们将捕获当前INSERT,UPDATE或DELETE语句执行前后的书行状态。
dml_type
列存储当前正在执行的DML语句的类型(例如INSERT,UPDATE和DELETE)。 dml_type类型是PostgreSQL枚举类型,其创建方式如下:
CREATE TYPE dml_type AS ENUM ('INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE')
dml_timestamp
列存储当前时间戳。
dml_created_by
列存储生成当前INSERT,UPDATE或DELETE DML语句的应用程序用户。
要捕获book表上的INSERT,UPDATE和DELETE DML语句,我们需要创建一个触发函数,其外观如下:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION book_audit_trigger_func()
RETURNS trigger AS $body$
BEGIN
if (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
INSERT INTO book_audit_log (
book_id,
old_row_data,
new_row_data,
dml_type,
dml_timestamp,
dml_created_by
)
VALUES(
NEW.id,
null,
to_jsonb(NEW),
'INSERT',
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
current_setting('var.logged_user')
);
RETURN NEW;
elsif (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
INSERT INTO book_audit_log (
book_id,
old_row_data,
new_row_data,
dml_type,
dml_timestamp,
dml_created_by
)
VALUES(
NEW.id,
to_jsonb(OLD),
to_jsonb(NEW),
'UPDATE',
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
current_setting('var.logged_user')
);
RETURN NEW;
elsif (TG_OP = 'DELETE') then
INSERT INTO book_audit_log (
book_id,
old_row_data,
new_row_data,
dml_type,
dml_timestamp,
dml_created_by
)
VALUES(
OLD.id,
to_jsonb(OLD),
null,
'DELETE',
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
current_setting('var.logged_user')
);
RETURN OLD;
end if;
END;
$body$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
为了在插入,更新或删除书表记录后执行book_audit_trigger_func
函数,我们必须定义以下触发器:
CREATE TRIGGER book_audit_trigger
AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON book
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION book_audit_trigger_func();
dml_created_by
列设置为var.logged_user
PostgreSQL会话变量的值,该变量先前由应用程序使用当前登录的用户设置,如下所示:
SET LOCAL var.logged_user = 'Vlad Mihalcea'
在book
表上执行INSERT语句时:
INSERT INTO book (
id,
author,
price_in_cents,
publisher,
title
)
VALUES (
1,
'Vlad Mihalcea',
3990,
'Amazon',
'High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition'
)
我们可以看到book_audit_log
中插入了一条记录,该记录捕获了刚刚在book
表上执行的INSERT语句:
| book_id | old_row_data | new_row_data | dml_type | dml_timestamp | dml_created_by |
|---------|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|----------------------------|----------------|
| 1 | | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | INSERT | 2020-08-25 13:19:57.073026 | Vlad Mihalcea |
在更新book
表行时:
UPDATE book
SET price_in_cents = 4499
WHERE id = 1
我们可以看到book_audit_log
会将新记录添加到book_audit_trigger
:
| book_id | old_row_data | new_row_data | dml_type | dml_timestamp | dml_created_by |
|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|----------------------------|----------------|
| 1 | | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | INSERT | 2020-08-25 13:19:57.073026 | Vlad Mihalcea |
| 1 | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 4499} | UPDATE | 2020-08-25 13:21:15.006365 | Vlad Mihalcea |
删除book
表行时:
DELETE FROM book
WHERE id = 1
新记录由book_audit_log
添加到book_audit_trigger
:
| book_id | old_row_data | new_row_data | dml_type | dml_timestamp | dml_created_by |
|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|----------------------------|----------------|
| 1 | | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | INSERT | 2020-08-25 13:19:57.073026 | Vlad Mihalcea |
| 1 | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 3990} | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 4499} | UPDATE | 2020-08-25 13:21:15.006365 | Vlad Mihalcea |
| 1 | {"id": 1, "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence 1st edition", "author": "Vlad Mihalcea", "publisher": "Amazon", "price_in_cents": 4499} | | DELETE | 2020-08-25 13:21:58.499881 | Vlad Mihalcea |