我正在尝试在PostgreSQL中创建crosstab
查询,以便它自动生成crosstab
列而不是硬编码。我编写了一个函数,可以动态生成我crosstab
查询所需的列列表。我们的想法是使用动态sql在crosstab
查询中替换此函数的结果。
我知道如何在SQL Server中轻松完成这项工作,但我对PostgreSQL的了解有限,阻碍了我的进步。我正在考虑将生成动态列列表的函数结果存储到变量中,并使用它来动态构建sql查询。如果有人可以指导我这件事,那就太好了。
-- Table which has be pivoted
CREATE TABLE test_db
(
kernel_id int,
key int,
value int
);
INSERT INTO test_db VALUES
(1,1,99),
(1,2,78),
(2,1,66),
(3,1,44),
(3,2,55),
(3,3,89);
-- This function dynamically returns the list of columns for crosstab
CREATE FUNCTION test() RETURNS TEXT AS '
DECLARE
key_id int;
text_op TEXT = '' kernel_id int, '';
BEGIN
FOR key_id IN SELECT DISTINCT key FROM test_db ORDER BY key LOOP
text_op := text_op || key_id || '' int , '' ;
END LOOP;
text_op := text_op || '' DUMMY text'';
RETURN text_op;
END;
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
-- This query works. I just need to convert the static list
-- of crosstab columns to be generated dynamically.
SELECT * FROM
crosstab
(
'SELECT kernel_id, key, value FROM test_db ORDER BY 1,2',
'SELECT DISTINCT key FROM test_db ORDER BY 1'
)
AS x (kernel_id int, key1 int, key2 int, key3 int); -- How can I replace ..
-- .. this static list with a dynamically generated list of columns ?
答案 0 :(得分:11)
您可以使用提供的C函数crosstab_hash
。
手册在这方面不是很清楚。它被提到at the end of the chapter on crosstab()
with two parameters:
您可以创建预定义的函数以避免写出 每个查询中的结果列名称和类型。请参阅中的示例 上一节。这种
crosstab
形式的基础C函数 名为crosstab_hash
。
对于你的例子:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_cross_test_db(text, text)
RETURNS TABLE (kernel_id int, key1 int, key2 int, key3 int)
AS '$libdir/tablefunc','crosstab_hash' LANGUAGE C STABLE STRICT;
呼叫:
SELECT * FROM f_cross_test_db(
'SELECT kernel_id, key, value FROM test_db ORDER BY 1,2'
,'SELECT DISTINCT key FROM test_db ORDER BY 1');
请注意,您需要为具有不同返回类型的每个crosstab_hash
函数创建一个不同的crosstab
函数。
Here is another closely related answer.
生成列列表的函数相当复杂,结果不正确(int
后kernel_id
丢失),可以用此SQL查询替换它:< / p>
SELECT 'kernel_id int, '
|| string_agg(DISTINCT key::text, ' int, ' ORDER BY key::text)
|| ' int, DUMMY text'
FROM test_db;
无论如何它都不能动态使用。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
@ erwin-brandstetter:如果您总是返回带有转换结果的JSON类型,则函数的返回类型不是问题。
这是我提出的功能:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION report.test(
i_start_date TIMESTAMPTZ,
i_end_date TIMESTAMPTZ,
i_interval INT
) RETURNS TABLE (
tab JSON
) AS $ab$
DECLARE
_key_id TEXT;
_text_op TEXT = '';
_ret JSON;
BEGIN
-- SELECT DISTINCT for query results
FOR _key_id IN
SELECT DISTINCT at_name
FROM report.company_data_date cd
JOIN report.company_data_amount cda ON cd.id = cda.company_data_date_id
JOIN report.amount_types at ON cda.amount_type_id = at.id
WHERE date_start BETWEEN i_start_date AND i_end_date
AND interval_type_id = i_interval
LOOP
-- build function_call with datatype of column
IF char_length(_text_op) > 1 THEN
_text_op := _text_op || ', ' || _key_id || ' NUMERIC(20,2)';
ELSE
_text_op := _text_op || _key_id || ' NUMERIC(20,2)';
END IF;
END LOOP;
-- build query with parameter filters
RETURN QUERY
EXECUTE '
SELECT array_to_json(array_agg(row_to_json(t)))
FROM (
SELECT * FROM crosstab(''SELECT date_start, at.at_name, cda.amount ct
FROM report.company_data_date cd
JOIN report.company_data_amount cda ON cd.id = cda.company_data_date_id
JOIN report.amount_types at ON cda.amount_type_id = at.id
WHERE date_start between $$' || i_start_date::TEXT || '$$ AND $$' || i_end_date::TEXT || '$$
AND interval_type_id = ' || i_interval::TEXT || ' ORDER BY date_start'')
AS ct (date_start timestamptz, ' || _text_op || ')
) t;';
END;
$ab$ LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
因此,当您运行它时,您将获得JSON中的动态结果,并且您不需要知道有多少值被转动:
select * from report.test(now()- '1 week'::interval, now(), 1);
tab
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[{"date_start":"2015-07-27T08:40:01.277556-04:00","burn_rate":0.00,"monthly_revenue":5800.00,"cash_balance":0.00},{"date_start":"2015-07-27T08:50:02.458868-04:00","burn_rate":34000.00,"monthly_revenue":15800.00,"cash_balance":24000.00}]
(1 row)
编辑:如果交叉表中有混合数据类型,则可以添加逻辑以查找每个列,如下所示:
SELECT a.attname as column_name, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod) AS data_type
FROM pg_attribute a
JOIN pg_class b ON (a.attrelid = b.relfilenode)
JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = b.relnamespace
WHERE n.nspname = $$schema_name$$ AND b.relname = $$table_name$$ and a.attstattarget = -1;"
答案 2 :(得分:1)
此处描述的方法http://www.cureffi.org/2013/03/19/automatically-creating-pivot-table-column-names-in-postgresql/
对我来说效果很好。
而不是直接检索数据透视表。更简单的方法是让函数生成SQL查询字符串。根据需要动态执行生成的SQL查询字符串。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
我意识到这是一篇较旧的文章,但在同一问题上挣扎了一段时间。
我的问题陈述: 我有一个表,该表中的字段中有多个值,并且想要创建一个交叉表查询,每行具有40个以上的列标题。
我的解决方案是创建一个在表列中循环的函数,以获取要用作交叉表查询中列标题的值。
然后在此函数中,我可以创建交叉表查询。在我的用例中,我将此交叉表结果添加到单独的表中。
例如
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION field_values_ct ()
RETURNS VOID AS $$
DECLARE rec RECORD;
DECLARE str text;
BEGIN
str := '"Issue ID" text,';
-- looping to get column heading string
FOR rec IN SELECT DISTINCT field_name
FROM issue_fields
ORDER BY field_name
LOOP
str := str || '"' || rec.field_name || '" text' ||',';
END LOOP;
str:= substring(str, 0, length(str));
EXECUTE 'CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS tablefunc;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp_issue_fields;
CREATE TABLE temp_issue_fields AS
SELECT *
FROM crosstab(''select issue_id, field_name, field_value from issue_fields order by 1'',
''SELECT DISTINCT field_name FROM issue_fields ORDER BY 1'')
AS final_result ('|| str ||')';
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;