昨天我正在从算法类做作业,这是Gale-Shapley算法的一种实现,它是一种解决相同数量的男性和女性之间匹配问题的算法,这些男性和女性都有自己的匹配优先级。然后在编码之后我发现它不能很好地运作,因为输入变化,但我只是无法弄清楚为什么,也许它有......与内存溢出有关。 如果有人可以指出我的错误,它会对我有很大帮助。十分感谢! 这是我教科书中的代码和伪代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
bool isOneFree(int n,bool*P) // test if there's at least one man Free.
{
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(*(P+i)==true) return true;
}
return false;
}
int* Matching(int n,int**MP,int**WP) // numbers, priority lists of males and females.
{
bool isManFree[n],isWomanFree[n],isManProposed[n][n]; // to represent matching states.
int match[n]; // index-value(man-woman) pair
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) // initialize values.
{
isManFree[i]=true;
isWomanFree[i]=true;
for(int j=0;j<n;j++){ isManProposed[i][j]=false; }
match[i]=-1;
}
while(isOneFree(n,isManFree)) // all matching completed if it returns false.
{
int indexM;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(isManFree[i]==true) { indexM=i; break; } // we'll try matching this guy with a girl!
}
int indexWo;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
int w=MP[indexM][i];
if(isManProposed[indexM][w]==false) { indexWo=w; break;} // current priority
}
isManProposed[indexM][indexWo]=true;
if(isWomanFree[indexWo])
{
isManFree[indexM]=false;
isWomanFree[indexWo]=false;
match[indexM]=indexWo; // they're engaged!
}
else // she's engaged to someone already.
{
int indexRival; // find the competitor's index.
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(match[i]==indexWo){ indexRival=i; break; }
}
int pM,pRival;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(WP[indexWo][i]==indexM) pM=i;
if(WP[indexWo][i]==indexRival) pRival=i;
}
if(pM<pRival) // the girl's decision
{
isManFree[indexM]=false;
isManFree[indexRival]=true;
isWomanFree[indexWo]=false;
match[indexM]=indexWo; // change the match
}
}
}
return match;
}
int main()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
int**MP,**WP;
MP=new int*[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) // a lot of inputs
{
MP[i]=new int[n];
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cin>>MP[i][j];
}
}
WP=new int*[n];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
WP[i]=new int[n];
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{
cin>>WP[i][j];
}
}
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
{
MP[i][j]--; // inputs are 1~n, get indexes 0~n-1
WP[i][j]--;
}
}
int*match=Matching(n,MP,WP);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<*(match+i)+1<<" "; // output: matching result
}
return 0;
}
PSEUDO代码:
Initially all m belongs to M and w belongs to W are free
While there is a man m who is free and hasn’t proposed to every woman
Choose such a man m
Let w be the highest-ranked woman in m’s preference list to whom m has not yet proposed
If w is free then
(m, w) become engaged
Else w is currently engaged to m’
If w prefers m’ to m then
m remains free
Else w prefers m to m’
(m,w) become engaged
m’becomes free
Endif
Endif
Endwhile
Return the set S of engaged pairs
以下是样本输入和输出:
5
2 1 4 5 3
4 2 1 3 5
2 5 3 4 1
1 4 3 2 5
2 4 1 5 3
5 1 2 4 3
3 2 4 1 5
2 3 4 5 1
1 5 4 3 2
4 2 5 3 1
1 3 2 5 4
答案 0 :(得分:4)
从快速浏览一下代码,我看到的一个问题就是函数
int* Matching(int n,int**MP,int**WP)
返回一个局部变量的地址,这是一个很大的禁忌。
我将按如下方式更改代码:
int* Matching(int n,int**MP,int**WP) // numbers, priority lists of males and females.
{
bool isManFree[n],isWomanFree[n],isManProposed[n][n]; // to represent matching states.
int *match = new int[n]; // index-value(man-woman) pair
完成后,将其释放:
int*match=Matching(n,MP,WP);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<*(match+i)+1<<" "; // output: matching result
}
delete [] match;
return 0;
你也应该释放内存
int **MP
和int **WP
我认为这是问题所在,因为像int match[n];
这样的局部变量的内存仅在分配它的函数内有效。
如果您有兴趣,可以对此进行更“科学”的解释。