多维数组(父级和子级)

时间:2012-10-11 19:32:22

标签: php multidimensional-array nested

我在父数据库和子项数据库的MySQL数据库中有一个类别系统。数据库仅存储它的直接父级的id(如果是root,则为0)。由于系统允许多个子类别,因此存在多个子类的情况。

例如

[98] Storage
    [1] External
        [3] Pendrives
        [4] Portable hhdds
    [2] Internal
        [5] Sata hhdd
        [6] IDE hhdd
[...]
[99] Clothing

数据库将是

id    parent_id    name
1     98           External
2     98           Internal
3     1            Pendrives
4     1            Portable
5     2            Sata
6     2            IDE
98    0            Storage
99    0            Clothing

我还有一个带有类别ID的产品表,我需要获得第一级别类别中所有产品的列表。

例如:

Product   Category
 A          3
 B          4
 C          5
 D          6
 E          74

应该回来 98:A,B,C,D 99:X,Y,Z ......

我陷入困境,我无法想到以这种方式检索它的逻辑。

我首先通过以下方式获取不在第一级别的所有类别的ID:

while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    if ($row['parent_id'] != 0) {
        $level1[$i]['name'] = utf8_encode($row['categories_name']);
        $level1[$i]['id'] = $row['categories_id'];
    }

    $i++;
}

但是我有一个倦怠,想不出一种可以嵌套它们的方法。我想了一段时间,但它是无限的:P

有什么想法吗?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

使用递归函数获取所有子类别:

//fetch category structure data
$childCategories = array();
$result = mysql_query("SELECT id, parent_id FROM categories");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    if ($row['parent_id']) {
        if (!isset($childCategories[$row['parent_id']])) $childCategories[$row['parent_id']] = array();
        $childCategories[$row['parent_id']][] = $row['id'];
    }
}

function getRecursiveCategories($id, $childCategories) {
    $ret = array();
    if (!isset($childCategories[$id])) return $ret;
    foreach ($childCategories[$id] as $childId) {
        $ret[] = $childId;
        $ret = array_merge($ret, getRecursiveCategories($childId, $childCategories));
    }
    return $ret;
}

$cateoryIds = getRecursiveCategories(98, $childCategories);

//now you can query the products
"SELECT * FROM products WHERE category_id IN (".implode(',', $cateoryIds).")";

答案 1 :(得分:1)

递归函数调用怎么样?例如:

$allItems = Array();
function getAllItems($category) {
    global $allItems;
    $query = mysql_query("SELECT `id` FROM `categories` WHERE `parent_id` = '".$category."' ");

    if(mysql_num_rows($query)) {
        while($cat = mysql_fetch_assoc($query)) {
            $itemQuery = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM `items` WHERE `category` = '".$cat['id']."' ");
            if(mysql_num_rows($itemQuery)) {
                while($item = mysql_fetch_assoc($itemQuery)) {
                    $allItems[$item['id']] = $item; //using $item['id'] to avoid duplicating items if they are in several categories
                }
            }
            $checkSubCatQuery = "SELECT `id` FROM `categories` WHERE `parent_id` = '".$cat['id']."' LIMIT 1");
            if(mysql_num_rows($checkSubCatQuery)) { //Checking to see if we have a sub category
                getAllItems($cat['id']); //Calling agait to get all items from sub cattegory of the current category
            }
        }
    }
}

当然,它总能被优化。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

我知道一个完美的article关于如何正确地做到这一点并且在mysql中具有良好的性能(我不能相信这个想法,我只是从捷克语中翻译

Database layout

你需要这样的树结构:

categories (
    id,
    lft,  -- index on "left iteration" - number on the left
    rgt,  -- index on "right iteration" - number on the right
    depth,
)

如何显示完整的树:

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories ORDER BY lft");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo str_repeat("- ", $row["depth"]) . htmlspecialchars($row["data"]) . "<br />";
}
mysql_free_result($result);

如果您需要打印整棵树,则可以按lft对其进行排序并将其写下来。如果您只需要显示树的一部分,则可以将lftrft限制为大于当前节点值。

显示在有序列表中:

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories ORDER BY lft");
$depth = -1;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    if ($depth < $row["depth"]) {
        echo "<ul>";
    } else {
        echo str_repeat("</li></ul>", $depth - $row["depth"]) . "</li>";
    }
    echo "<li>\n" . htmlspecialchars($row["data"]);
    $depth = $row["depth"];
}
echo str_repeat("</li></ul>", $depth + 1) . "\n";
mysql_free_result($result);

在有序列表中显示(具有多个级别)时,您必须检测当前节点depth与下一个项目之间的连接。

获取“面包屑导航”:

$row = mysql_fetch_assoc(mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories WHERE id = " . intval($_GET["id"])));
$result1 = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories WHERE lft < $row[lft] AND rgt > $row[rgt] ORDER BY lft");
while ($row1 = mysql_fetch_assoc($result1)) {
    echo "<a href='?id=$row1[id]'>" . htmlspecialchars($row1["data"]) . "</a> &gt; ";
}
mysql_free_result($result1);
echo htmlspecialchars($row["data"]);

将子项添加到列表末尾:

mysql_query("INSERT INTO categories (lft, rgt, depth, data)
    SELECT IFNULL(MAX(rgt), 0) + 1, IFNULL(MAX(rgt), 0) + 2, 0, '" .         
    mysql_real_escape_string($_POST["data"]) . "' FROM categories");

将子节点添加到您需要的任何位置

mysql_query("START TRANSACTION");
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc(mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories WHERE id = " . intval($_GET["rodic"]) . " FOR UPDATE"));
mysql_query("UPDATE categories SET lft = lft + 2 WHERE lft > $row[rgt]");
mysql_query("UPDATE categories SET rgt = rgt + 2 WHERE rgt >= $row[rgt]");
mysql_query("INSERT INTO categories (lft, rgt, depth, data) VALUES ($row[rgt], $row[rgt]+1, $row[depth]+1, '" . mysql_real_escape_string($_POST["data"]) . "')");
mysql_query("COMMIT");

删除完整的孩子

mysql_query("START TRANSACTION");
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc(mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categories WHERE id = " . intval($_GET["id"]) . " FOR UPDATE"));
mysql_query("DELETE FROM categories WHERE lft >= $row[lft] AND rgt <= $row[rgt]");
$rozdil = $row["rgt"] - $row["lft"] + 1;
mysql_query("UPDATE categories SET lft = lft - $rozdil WHERE lft > $row[rgt]");
mysql_query("UPDATE categories SET rgt = rgt - $rozdil WHERE rgt > $row[rgt]");
mysql_query("COMMIT");

如果您知道此算法的更多信息(或名称),请告诉我

我建议使用PDO写这个。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

按照以下步骤进行操作(可以提高算法的效率):

  • 首先根据初始类别ID进行选择。像SELECT id, parent_id FROM categories之类的东西将结果存储在如下数组中:

    $catArr = array(
       array(1,98),
       array(2,98),
       ...
      );
    
  • 针对以下函数运行此操作(注意:$ start = 98)

    function getSubsets($catArr, $start) {
       $rtn = array();
       foreach($catArr as $cat) {
          if($cat[1] == $start) { 
             $rtn[] = $cat[0];
             $subcats = getSubsets($catArr,$cat[0]);
             foreach($subcats as $subcat) { $rtn[] = $subcat; }
          }
       }
       return $rtn;
    }
    
    note: never have a category be its own parent or any other similar 
    conditions that would cause an infinite loop.
    
  • 现在可以像这样生成最终的SQL

     $sql = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE category IN (".implode(',', $rtn).")"; 
     Note: this assumes category is a number
    

最后注意:您只运行两个SQL查询:)