用于PHP的PBKDF2密码哈希

时间:2012-10-07 07:14:13

标签: php hash pbkdf2

感谢我最近发表的一篇很好的建议,我正在实施PBKDF2 https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm进入一个小的PHP图像库,我正在建立自己一些PHP。

我知道您将salt和hash存储在数据库中,然后在用户输入密码时重新构建它们以匹配。我不明白的是上面网站上的validate_password函数在为同一密码生成不同的唯一盐时是如何工作的。

例如,我创建了一个测试,重复生成一个只有我的名字(andrew)的密码。每次最终的哈希值都不同,大概是因为盐是唯一的?但是,无论哪个生成哈希我都比较了密码,它验证了它。 (它显然没有验证完全不同的密码,如Andrew56或ndrew1)。

任何人都可以向我简单的自我解释为什么会这样吗?好像我甚至不需要储存盐?我希望这不是主题。

<?php
/*
 * Password hashing with PBKDF2.
 * Author: havoc AT defuse.ca
 * www: https://defuse.ca/php-pbkdf2.htm
 */

// These constants may be changed without breaking existing hashes.
define("PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM", "sha256");
define("PBKDF2_ITERATIONS", 1000);
define("PBKDF2_SALT_BYTES", 24);
define("PBKDF2_HASH_BYTES", 24);

define("HASH_SECTIONS", 4);
define("HASH_ALGORITHM_INDEX", 0);
define("HASH_ITERATION_INDEX", 1);
define("HASH_SALT_INDEX", 2);
define("HASH_PBKDF2_INDEX", 3);

function create_hash($password)
{
// format: algorithm:iterations:salt:hash
$salt = base64_encode(mcrypt_create_iv(PBKDF2_SALT_BYTES, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
return PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM . ":" . PBKDF2_ITERATIONS . ":" .  $salt . ":" . 
    base64_encode(pbkdf2(
        PBKDF2_HASH_ALGORITHM,
        $password,
        $salt,
        PBKDF2_ITERATIONS,
        PBKDF2_HASH_BYTES,
        true
    ));
}

function validate_password($password, $good_hash)
{
$params = explode(":", $good_hash);
if(count($params) < HASH_SECTIONS)
   return false; 
$pbkdf2 = base64_decode($params[HASH_PBKDF2_INDEX]);
return slow_equals(
    $pbkdf2,
    pbkdf2(
        $params[HASH_ALGORITHM_INDEX],
        $password,
        $params[HASH_SALT_INDEX],
        (int)$params[HASH_ITERATION_INDEX],
        strlen($pbkdf2),
        true
    )
);
}

// Compares two strings $a and $b in length-constant time.
function slow_equals($a, $b)
{
$diff = strlen($a) ^ strlen($b);
for($i = 0; $i < strlen($a) && $i < strlen($b); $i++)
{
    $diff |= ord($a[$i]) ^ ord($b[$i]);
}
return $diff === 0; 
}

/*
 * PBKDF2 key derivation function as defined by RSA's PKCS #5:         https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2898.txt
 * $algorithm - The hash algorithm to use. Recommended: SHA256
 * $password - The password.
 * $salt - A salt that is unique to the password.
 * $count - Iteration count. Higher is better, but slower. Recommended: At least 1000.
 * $key_length - The length of the derived key in bytes.
 * $raw_output - If true, the key is returned in raw binary format. Hex encoded otherwise.
 * Returns: A $key_length-byte key derived from the password and salt.
 *
 * Test vectors can be found here: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6070.txt
 *
 * This implementation of PBKDF2 was originally created by https://defuse.ca
 * With improvements by http://www.variations-of-shadow.com
 */
function pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false)
{
$algorithm = strtolower($algorithm);
if(!in_array($algorithm, hash_algos(), true))
    die('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid hash algorithm.');
if($count <= 0 || $key_length <= 0)
    die('PBKDF2 ERROR: Invalid parameters.');

$hash_length = strlen(hash($algorithm, "", true));
$block_count = ceil($key_length / $hash_length);

$output = "";
for($i = 1; $i <= $block_count; $i++) {
    // $i encoded as 4 bytes, big endian.
    $last = $salt . pack("N", $i);
    // first iteration
    $last = $xorsum = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true);
    // perform the other $count - 1 iterations
    for ($j = 1; $j < $count; $j++) {
        $xorsum ^= ($last = hash_hmac($algorithm, $last, $password, true));
    }
    $output .= $xorsum;
}

if($raw_output)
    return substr($output, 0, $key_length);
else
    return bin2hex(substr($output, 0, $key_length));
}
?>

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

我发现这是为旧的PHP版本寻找PBKDF2实现。如果您直接使用此方法,那么对于其他任何正在使用此方法的人来说:

pbkdf2($algorithm, $password, $salt, $count, $key_length, $raw_output = false)

然后,它不包含带输出字符串的salt,只包含hash,这是我想要的。

create_hash方法是原始海报使用的方法,并且通过上面的设置,它将返回:

sha256:1000:$salt:$hash

这允许您将它全部保存在一个db列中,这很容易使用。但是,我会注意到你&#34;可能&#34;如果您关心存储空间,仍然希望将其拆分。使用十六进制盐和密码,您可以通过将其存储在二进制列中来减少占用的存储空间...例如。在MySQL中,这是通过SET binaryColumn=UNHEX('0F0F')完成的,然后是SELECT HEX(binaryColumn) AS binaryColumn。这是更多的工作,所以它取决于你自己的偏好和目标,但我想我会把它扔出去。