Question

我想使以下代码线程安全。不幸的是，我尝试在此代码中的各个级别锁定但没有成功。我似乎能够实现线程安全的唯一实例是在整个循环周围放置一个锁，这有效地使Parallel.ForEach不比使用foreach更快（甚至可能更慢）。代码相对/几乎安全，没有锁定。它似乎只显示了geneTokens.Value [-1]键和gtCandidates.Value [-1]键总和的大小差异，大约每20次左右执行一次。

我意识到Dictionary不是线程安全的。但是，我不能将此特定对象更改为ConcurrentDictionary而不会在下游遇到重大性能影响。我宁愿用常规foreach运行这部分代码而不是更改该特定对象。但是，我使用ConcurrentDictionary来保存单个Dictionary对象。我也尝试过这个改变，但它并没有解决我的种族问题。

以下是我的班级变量：

//Holds all tokens derived from each sequence chunk
public static ConcurrentBag<sequenceItem> tokenBag = 
  new ConcurrentBag<sequenceItem>();
public BlockingCollection<sequenceItem> sequenceTokens = new 
  BlockingCollection<sequenceItem>(tokenBag);
public ConcurrentDictionary<string, int> categories = new 
  ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>();
public ConcurrentDictionary<int, Dictionary<int, int>> gtStartingFrequencies = new 
  ConcurrentDictionary<int, Dictionary<int, int>>();
public ConcurrentDictionary<string, Dictionary<int, int>> gtCandidates = new 
  ConcurrentDictionary<string, Dictionary<int, int>>();
public ConcurrentDictionary<string, Dictionary<int, int>> geneTokens = new 
  ConcurrentDictionary<string, Dictionary<int, int>>();

这是Parallel.ForEach：

Parallel.ForEach(sequenceTokens.GetConsumingEnumerable(), seqToken =>
{
  lock (locker)
  {
    //Check to see if the Sequence Token is a Gene Token
    Dictionary<int, int> geneTokenFreqs;
    if (geneTokens.TryGetValue(seqToken.text, out geneTokenFreqs))
    { //The Sequence Token is a Gene Token 


      *****************Race Issue Seems To Occur Here**************************** 
      //Increment or create category frequencies for each category provided
      int frequency;
      foreach (int category in seqToken.categories)
      {
        if (geneTokenFreqs.TryGetValue(category, out frequency))
        {   //increment the category frequency, if it already exists
            frequency++;
            geneTokenFreqs[category] = frequency;
        }
        else
        {   //Create the category frequency, if it does not exist
            geneTokenFreqs.Add(category, 1);
        }
      }

      //Update the frequencies total [-1] by the total # of categories incremented.
      geneTokenFreqs[-1] += seqToken.categories.Length;
      ******************************************************************************
    }
    else
    { //The Sequence Token is NOT yet a Gene Token
      //Check to see if the Sequence Token is a Gene Token Candidate yet
      Dictionary<int, int> candidateTokenFreqs;
      if (gtCandidates.TryGetValue(seqToken.text, out candidateTokenFreqs))
      {
        *****************Race Issue Seems To Occur Here****************************
        //Increment or create category frequencies for each category provided
        int frequency;
        foreach (int category in seqToken.categories)
        {
          if (candidateTokenFreqs.TryGetValue(category, out frequency))
          { //increment the category frequency, if it already exists
            frequency++;
            candidateTokenFreqs[category] = frequency;
          }
          else
          { //Create the category frequency, if it does not exist
            candidateTokenFreqs.Add(category, 1);
          }
        }

        //Update the frequencies total [-1] by the total # of categories incremented.
        candidateTokenFreqs[-1] += seqToken.categories.Length;
        *****************************************************************************

        //Only update the candidate sequence count once per sequence
        if (candidateTokenFreqs[-3] != seqToken.sequenceId)
        {
          candidateTokenFreqs[-3] = seqToken.sequenceId;
          candidateTokenFreqs[-2]++;

          //Promote the Token Candidate to a Gene Token, if it has been found >=
          //the user defined candidateThreshold
          if (candidateTokenFreqs[-2] >= candidateThreshold)
          {
            Dictionary<int, int> deletedCandidate;
            gtCandidates.TryRemove(seqToken.text, out deletedCandidate);
            geneTokens.TryAdd(seqToken.text, candidateTokenFreqs);
          }
        }
      }
      else
      {
        //create a new token candidate frequencies dictionary by making 
        //a copy of the default dictionary from
        gtCandidates.TryAdd(seqToken.text, new 
          Dictionary<int, int>(gtStartingFrequencies[seqToken.sequenceId]));
      }
    }
  }
});

Answer 1

显然，一个数据竞争来自于某些线程将在此处添加项目：

geneTokens.TryAdd(seqToken.text, candidateTokenFreqs);

其他人将在这里阅读：

if (geneTokens.TryGetValue(seqToken.text, out geneTokenFreqs))

Answer 2

我如何在我的项目中使用Concurrent Dictionary：

我在字典中放置一个标志，并从另一个线程检查，如果有或没有标志。如果旗帜存在，我会相应地完成我的任务..

为此我正在做的是：

1）声明并发字典 2）使用TryADD方法添加标志 3）尝试使用TryGet Methid检索单位。

1）声明

  Dim cd As ConcurrentDictionary(Of Integer, [String]) = New ConcurrentDictionary(Of Integer, String)()

2）添加

If cd.TryAdd(1, "uno") Then
        Console.WriteLine("CD.TryAdd() succeeded when it should have failed")
        numFailures += 1
    End If

3）检索

 If cd.TryGetValue(1, "uno") Then
        Console.WriteLine("CD.TryAdd() succeeded when it should have failed")
        numFailures += 1
    End If

让我的Parallel.ForEach线程更安全的更好方法？

2 个答案: