MATLAB中的xkcd样式图

时间:2012-10-03 04:19:02

标签: matlab plot

xkcd-style graph

所以才华横溢的人已经想出了如何制作xkcd样式图in Mathematicain LaTeXin Pythonin R

如何使用MATLAB生成如上图所示的图?

我尝试了什么

我创造了扭曲的线条,但我无法获得摇摆的轴线。我想到的唯一解决方案是用摇摆的线覆盖它们,但我希望能够改变实际的轴。我也无法使幽默字体工作,使用的代码位是:

 annotation('textbox',[left+left/8 top+0.65*top 0.05525 0.065],...
'String',{'EMBARRASSMENT'},...
'FontSize',24,...
'FontName','Humor',...
'FitBoxToText','off',...
'LineStyle','none');

对于摇摆不定的线,我尝试添加一个小的随机噪声和平滑:

 smooth(0.05*randn(size(x)),10)

但是当我们相交时,我无法让白色背景出现在他们身边......

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:114)

我看到两种方法可以解决这个问题:第一种方法是在绘图要素的x / y坐标上添加一些抖动。这样做的好处是您可以轻松修改绘图,但如果您想让它们xkcdyfied(参见@Rody Oldenhuis' solution),则必须自己绘制轴。第二种方法是创建一个非紧张的情节,并使用imtransform对图像应用随机失真。这样做的好处是你可以在任何情节中使用它,但你最终会得到一个图像,而不是一个可编辑的情节。

我将首先显示#2,然后尝试#1(如果您更喜欢#1,请查看Rody's solution!)。

enter image description here

此解决方案依赖于两个关键功能:来自文件交换的EXPORT_FIG以获取消除锯齿的屏幕截图,并IMTRANSFORM进行转换。

%# define plot data
x = 1:0.1:10;
y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3;
y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^2/2) + 1;

%# plot
fh = figure('color','w');
hold on
plot(x,y1,'b','lineWidth',3);
plot(x,y2,'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y2,'r','lineWidth',3);

xlim([0.95 10])
ylim([0 5])
set(gca,'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',18,'lineWidth',3,'box','off')

%# add an annotation 
 annotation(fh,'textarrow',[0.4 0.55],[0.8 0.65],...
     'string',sprintf('text%shere',char(10)),'headStyle','none','lineWidth',1.5,...
     'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',14,'verticalAlignment','middle','horizontalAlignment','left')

%# capture with export_fig
im = export_fig('-nocrop',fh);

%# add a bit of border to avoid black edges
im = padarray(im,[15 15 0],255);

%# make distortion grid
sfc = size(im);
[yy,xx]=ndgrid(1:7:sfc(1),1:7:sfc(2));
pts = [xx(:),yy(:)];
tf = cp2tform(pts+randn(size(pts)),pts,'lwm',12);
w = warning;
warning off images:inv_lwm:cannotEvaluateTransfAtSomeOutputLocations
imt = imtransform(im,tf);
warning(w)

%# remove padding
imt = imt(16:end-15,16:end-15,:);

figure('color','w')
imshow(imt)

这是我最初的抖动尝试

enter image description here

%# define plot data
x = 1:0.1:10;
y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3;
y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^2/2) + 1;

%# jitter
x = x+randn(size(x))*0.01;
y1 = y1+randn(size(x))*0.01;
y2 = y2+randn(size(x))*0.01;

%# plot
figure('color','w')
hold on
plot(x,y1,'b','lineWidth',3);
plot(x,y2,'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y2,'r','lineWidth',3);

xlim([0.95 10])
ylim([0 5])
set(gca,'fontName','Comic Sans MS','fontSize',18,'lineWidth',3,'box','off')

答案 1 :(得分:91)

我没有重新实现所有各种绘图功能,而是想创建一个可以将任何现有绘图转换为xkcd样式绘图的通用工具。

这种方法意味着您可以使用标准MATLAB函数创建绘图并对其进行样式设置,然后在完成后,您可以在保留绘图的整体样式的同时以xkcd样式重新渲染绘图。

实施例

<强>剧情 Enter image description here

Bar&amp;积

Enter image description here

Box&amp;积 Enter image description here

如何运作

该函数通过迭代轴的子项来工作。如果孩子属于linepatch,则会略微扭曲他们。如果孩子的类型为hggroup,则会对hggroup的子子进行迭代。我计划支持其他情节类型,例如image,但目前尚不清楚扭曲图像以获得xkcd风格的最佳方法是什么。

最后,为了确保失真看起来是均匀的(也就是说,短线不会比长线更加分散),我以像素为单位测量线长度,然后以与其长度成比例的方式测量样本。然后,我将噪声添加到每个第N个样本,这样产生的线条或多或少具有相同的失真量。

守则

我只会链接到gist of the source,而不是粘贴数百行代码。此外,源代码和生成上述示例的代码可以免费获得GitHub

正如您从示例中看到的那样,虽然我计划在找到最佳方法时立即实施,但它还没有扭曲轴本身。

答案 2 :(得分:62)

第一步...找到你喜欢的系统字体(使用函数listfonts查看可用的内容)或安装一个与xkcd的手写样式相匹配的字体。我在"Humor Sans"中提到了用户ch00f的this blog post TrueType字体,并将其用于后续示例。

在我看来,你通常需要三种不同的修改图形对象来制作这些类型的图形:axes objectline objecttext object。您可能还希望annotation object使事情变得更容易,但我现在已经做过,因为它可能比上述三个对象更难实现。

我创建了创建三个对象的包装函数,覆盖了某些属性设置,使它们更像xkcd。一个限制是它们生成的新图形在某些情况下不会更新(比如在调整轴时调整文本对象上的边界框),但这可以通过更完整的面向对象的实现来解决,该实现涉及从{继承{3}},使用handle class等。现在,这是我更简单的实现:

xkcd_axes.m:

function hAxes = xkcd_axes(xkcdOptions, varargin)

  hAxes = axes(varargin{:}, 'NextPlot', 'add', 'Visible', 'off', ...
               'XLimMode', 'manual', 'YLimMode', 'manual');

  axesUnits = get(hAxes, 'Units');
  set(hAxes, 'Units', 'pixels');
  axesPos = get(hAxes, 'Position');
  set(hAxes, 'Units', axesUnits);
  xPoints = round(axesPos(3)/10);
  yPoints = round(axesPos(4)/10);
  limits = [xlim(hAxes) ylim(hAxes)];
  ranges = [abs(limits(2) - limits(1)) abs(limits(4) - limits(3))];
  backColor = get(get(hAxes, 'Parent'), 'Color');
  xColor = get(hAxes, 'XColor');
  yColor = get(hAxes, 'YColor');
  line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', xColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
       'Clipping', 'off', ...
       'XData', linspace(limits(1), limits(2), xPoints), ...
       'YData', limits(3) + rand(1, xPoints).*0.005.*ranges(2));
  line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', yColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
       'Clipping', 'off', ...
       'YData', linspace(limits(3), limits(4), yPoints), ...
       'XData', limits(1) + rand(1, yPoints).*0.005.*ranges(1));

  xTicks = get(hAxes, 'XTick');
  if ~isempty(xTicks)
    yOffset = limits(3) - 0.05.*ranges(2);
    tickIndex = true(size(xTicks));
    if ismember('left', xkcdOptions)
      tickIndex(1) = false;
      xkcd_arrow('left', [limits(1) + 0.02.*ranges(1) xTicks(1)], ...
                 yOffset, xColor);
    end
    if ismember('right', xkcdOptions)
      tickIndex(end) = false;
      xkcd_arrow('right', [xTicks(end) limits(2) - 0.02.*ranges(1)], ...
                 yOffset, xColor);
    end
    plot([1; 1]*xTicks(tickIndex), ...
         0.5.*[-yOffset; yOffset]*ones(1, sum(tickIndex)), ...
         'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', xColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
         'Clipping', 'off');
    xLabels = cellstr(get(hAxes, 'XTickLabel'));
    for iLabel = 1:numel(xLabels)
      xkcd_text(xTicks(iLabel), yOffset, xLabels{iLabel}, ...
                'HorizontalAlignment', 'center', ...
                'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', ...
                'BackgroundColor', backColor);
    end
  end

  yTicks = get(hAxes, 'YTick');
  if ~isempty(yTicks)
    xOffset = limits(1) - 0.05.*ranges(1);
    tickIndex = true(size(yTicks));
    if ismember('down', xkcdOptions)
      tickIndex(1) = false;
      xkcd_arrow('down', xOffset, ...
                 [limits(3) + 0.02.*ranges(2) yTicks(1)], yColor);
    end
    if ismember('up', xkcdOptions)
      tickIndex(end) = false;
      xkcd_arrow('up', xOffset, ...
                 [yTicks(end) limits(4) - 0.02.*ranges(2)], yColor);
    end
    plot(0.5.*[-xOffset; xOffset]*ones(1, sum(tickIndex)), ...
         [1; 1]*yTicks(tickIndex), ...
         'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', yColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
         'Clipping', 'off');
    yLabels = cellstr(get(hAxes, 'YTickLabel'));
    for iLabel = 1:numel(yLabels)
      xkcd_text(xOffset, yTicks(iLabel), yLabels{iLabel}, ...
                'HorizontalAlignment', 'right', ...
                'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', ...
                'BackgroundColor', backColor);
    end
  end

  function xkcd_arrow(arrowType, xArrow, yArrow, arrowColor)
    if ismember(arrowType, {'left', 'right'})
      xLine = linspace(xArrow(1), xArrow(2), 10);
      yLine = yArrow + rand(1, 10).*0.003.*ranges(2);
      arrowScale = 0.05.*ranges(1);
      if strcmp(arrowType, 'left')
        xArrow = xLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
        yArrow = yLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.125 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.125];
      else
        xArrow = xLine(end) - arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
        yArrow = yLine(end) + arrowScale.*[0 -0.125 -0.25 0 0.25 0.125];
      end
    else
      xLine = xArrow + rand(1, 10).*0.003.*ranges(1);
      yLine = linspace(yArrow(1), yArrow(2), 10);
      arrowScale = 0.05.*ranges(2);
      if strcmp(arrowType, 'down')
        xArrow = xLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.125 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.125];
        yArrow = yLine(1) + arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
      else
        xArrow = xLine(end) + arrowScale.*[0 -0.125 -0.25 0 0.25 0.125];
        yArrow = yLine(end) - arrowScale.*[0 0.5 1 1 1 0.5];
      end
    end
    line('Parent', hAxes, 'Color', arrowColor, 'LineWidth', 3, ...
         'Clipping', 'off', 'XData', xLine, 'YData', yLine);
    patch('Parent', hAxes, 'FaceColor', arrowColor, ...
          'EdgeColor', arrowColor, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Clipping', 'off', ...
          'XData', xArrow + [0 rand(1, 5).*0.002.*ranges(1)], ...
          'YData', yArrow + [0 rand(1, 5).*0.002.*ranges(2)]);
  end

end

xkcd_text.m:

function hText = xkcd_text(varargin)

  hText = text(varargin{:});
  set(hText, 'FontName', 'Humor Sans', 'FontSize', 13, ...
      'FontWeight', 'normal');

  backColor = get(hText, 'BackgroundColor');
  edgeColor = get(hText, 'EdgeColor');
  if ~strcmp(backColor, 'none') || ~strcmp(edgeColor, 'none')
    hParent = get(hText, 'Parent');
    extent = get(hText, 'Extent');
    nLines = size(get(hText, 'String'), 1);
    extent = extent + [-0.5 -0.5 1 1].*0.25.*extent(4)./nLines;
    yPoints = 5*nLines;
    xPoints = round(yPoints*extent(3)/extent(4));
    noiseScale = 0.05*extent(4)/nLines;
    set(hText, 'BackgroundColor', 'none', 'EdgeColor', 'none');
    xBox = [linspace(extent(1), extent(1) + extent(3), xPoints) ...
            extent(1) + extent(3) + noiseScale.*rand(1, yPoints) ...
            linspace(extent(1) + extent(3), extent(1), xPoints) ...
            extent(1) + noiseScale.*rand(1, yPoints)];
    yBox = [extent(2) + noiseScale.*rand(1, xPoints) ...
            linspace(extent(2), extent(2) + extent(4), yPoints) ...
            extent(2) + extent(4) + noiseScale.*rand(1, xPoints) ...
            linspace(extent(2) + extent(4), extent(2), yPoints)];
    patch('Parent', hParent, 'FaceColor', backColor, ...
          'EdgeColor', edgeColor, 'LineWidth', 2, 'Clipping', 'off', ...
          'XData', xBox, 'YData', yBox);
    hKids = get(hParent, 'Children');
    set(hParent, 'Children', [hText; hKids(hKids ~= hText)]);
  end

end

xkcd_line.m:

function hLine = xkcd_line(xData, yData, varargin)

  yData = yData + 0.01.*max(range(xData), range(yData)).*rand(size(yData));
  line(xData, yData, varargin{:}, 'Color', 'w', 'LineWidth', 8);
  hLine = line(xData, yData, varargin{:}, 'LineWidth', 3);

end

这是一个示例脚本,使用它们来重新创建上面的漫画。我使用events and listeners重新创建了这些线条,用鼠标在图中标记点,捕获它们,然后将它们绘制成我想要的样式:

xS = [0.0359 0.0709 0.1004 0.1225 0.1501 0.1759 0.2219 0.2477 0.2974 0.3269 0.3582 0.3895 0.4061 0.4337 0.4558 0.4797 0.5074 0.5276 0.5589 0.5810 0.6013 0.6179 0.6271 0.6344 0.6381 0.6418 0.6529 0.6713 0.6842 0.6934 0.7026 0.7118 0.7265 0.7376 0.7560 0.7726 0.7836 0.7965 0.8149 0.8370 0.8573 0.8867 0.9033 0.9346 0.9659 0.9843 0.9936];
yS = [0.2493 0.2520 0.2548 0.2548 0.2602 0.2629 0.2629 0.2657 0.2793 0.2657 0.2575 0.2575 0.2602 0.2629 0.2657 0.2766 0.2793 0.2875 0.3202 0.3856 0.4619 0.5490 0.6771 0.7670 0.7970 0.8270 0.8433 0.8433 0.8243 0.7180 0.6199 0.5272 0.4510 0.4128 0.3392 0.2711 0.2275 0.1757 0.1485 0.1131 0.1022 0.0858 0.0858 0.1022 0.1267 0.1567 0.1594];

xF = [0.0304 0.0488 0.0727 0.0967 0.1335 0.1630 0.2090 0.2348 0.2698 0.3011 0.3269 0.3545 0.3803 0.4153 0.4466 0.4724 0.4945 0.5110 0.5350 0.5516 0.5608 0.5700 0.5755 0.5810 0.5884 0.6013 0.6179 0.6363 0.6492 0.6584 0.6676 0.6731 0.6842 0.6860 0.6934 0.7007 0.7136 0.7265 0.7394 0.7560 0.7726 0.7818 0.8057 0.8444 0.8794 0.9107 0.9475 0.9751 0.9917];
yF = [0.0804 0.0940 0.0967 0.1049 0.1185 0.1458 0.1512 0.1540 0.1649 0.1812 0.1812 0.1703 0.1621 0.1594 0.1703 0.1975 0.2411 0.3065 0.3801 0.4782 0.5708 0.6526 0.7452 0.8106 0.8324 0.8488 0.8433 0.8270 0.7888 0.7343 0.6826 0.5981 0.5300 0.4782 0.3910 0.3420 0.2847 0.2248 0.1621 0.0995 0.0668 0.0395 0.0232 0.0177 0.0204 0.0232 0.0259 0.0204 0.0232];

xE = [0.0267 0.0488 0.0856 0.1409 0.1759 0.2164 0.2514 0.3011 0.3269 0.3637 0.3969 0.4245 0.4503 0.4890 0.5313 0.5608 0.5939 0.6344 0.6694 0.6934 0.7192 0.7394 0.7523 0.7689 0.7891 0.8131 0.8481 0.8757 0.9070 0.9346 0.9604 0.9807 0.9936];
yE = [0.0232 0.0232 0.0232 0.0259 0.0259 0.0259 0.0313 0.0259 0.0259 0.0259 0.0368 0.0395 0.0477 0.0586 0.0777 0.0886 0.1213 0.1730 0.2466 0.2902 0.3638 0.5082 0.6499 0.7916 0.8924 0.9414 0.9550 0.9387 0.9060 0.8760 0.8542 0.8379 0.8188];

hFigure = figure('Position', [300 300 700 450], 'Color', 'w');
hAxes = xkcd_axes({'left', 'right'}, 'XTick', [0.45 0.60 0.7 0.8], ...
                  'XTickLabel', {'YARD', 'STEPS', 'DOOR', 'INSIDE'}, ...
                  'YTick', []);

hSpeed = xkcd_line(xS, yS, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', [0.5 0.5 0.5]);
hFear = xkcd_line(xF, yF, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', [0 0.5 1]);
hEmb = xkcd_line(xE, yE, 'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'r');

hText = xkcd_text(0.27, 0.9, ...
                  {'WALKING BACK TO MY'; 'FRONT DOOR AT NIGHT:'}, ...
                  'Parent', hAxes, 'EdgeColor', 'k', ...
                  'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');

hSpeedNote = xkcd_text(0.36, 0.35, {'FORWARD'; 'SPEED'}, ...
                       'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ...
                       'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hSpeedLine = xkcd_line([0.4116 0.4282 0.4355 0.4411], ...
                       [0.3392 0.3256 0.3038 0.2820], ...
                       'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');
hFearNote = xkcd_text(0.15, 0.45, {'FEAR'; 'THAT THERE''S'; ...
                                   'SOMETHING'; 'BEIND ME'}, ...
                      'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ...
                      'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hFearLine = xkcd_line([0.1906 0.1998 0.2127 0.2127 0.2201 0.2256], ...
                      [0.3501 0.3093 0.2629 0.2221 0.1975 0.1676], ...
                      'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');
hEmbNote = xkcd_text(0.88, 0.45, {'EMBARRASSMENT'}, ...
                     'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k', ...
                     'HorizontalAlignment', 'center');
hEmbLine = xkcd_line([0.8168 0.8094 0.7983 0.7781 0.7578], ...
                     [0.4864 0.5436 0.5872 0.6063 0.6226], ...
                     'Parent', hAxes, 'Color', 'k');

(小号)这里是最终的情节!:

enter image description here

答案 3 :(得分:27)

那好吧,这是我原本不那么粗暴但仍然不太完美的尝试:

%# init
%# ------------------------

noise = @(x,A) A*randn(size(x));
ns    = @(x,A) A*ones(size(x));


h = figure(2); clf, hold on
pos = get(h, 'position');
set(h, 'position', [pos(1:2) 800 450]);


blackline = {
    'k', ...
    'linewidth', 2};
axisline = {
    'k', ...
    'linewidth', 3};

textprops = {
    'fontName','Comic Sans MS',...
    'fontSize', 14,...
    'lineWidth',3};


%# Plot data
%# ------------------------
x  = 1:0.1:10;

y0 = sin(x).*exp(-x/30) + 3;
y1 = sin(x).*exp(-x/3) + 3;
y2 = 3*exp(-(x-7).^6/.05) + 1;

y0 = y0 + noise(x, 0.01);
y1 = y1 + noise(x, 0.01);
y2 = y2 + noise(x, 0.01);

%# plot
plot(x,y0, 'color', [0.7 0.7 0.7], 'lineWidth',3);

plot(x,y1, 'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y1, 'b','lineWidth',3);

plot(x,y2, 'w','lineWidth',7);
plot(x,y2, 'r','lineWidth',3);




%# text
%# ------------------------
ll(1) = text(1.3, 4.2,...
    {'Walking back to my'
    'front door at night:'});

ll(2) = text(5, 0.7, 'yard');
ll(3) = text(6.2, 0.7, 'steps');
ll(4) = text(7, 0.7, 'door');
ll(5) = text(8, 0.7, 'inside');

set(ll, textprops{:});


%# arrows & lines
%# ------------------------

%# box around "walking back..."
xx = 1.2:0.1:3.74;
yy = ns(xx, 4.6) + noise(xx, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})

xx = 1.2:0.1:3.74;
yy = ns(xx, 3.8) + noise(xx, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})

yy = 3.8:0.1:4.6;
xx = ns(yy, 1.2) + noise(yy, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})

xx = ns(yy, 3.74) + noise(yy, 0.007);
plot(xx, yy, blackline{:})

%# left arrow
x_arr = 1.2:0.1:4.8;
y_arr = 0.65 * ones(size(x_arr)) + noise(x_arr, 0.005);
plot(x_arr, y_arr, blackline{:})
x_head = [1.1 1.6 1.62];
y_head = [0.65 0.72 0.57];
patch(x_head, y_head, 'k')

%# right arrow
x_arr = 8.7:0.1:9.8;
y_arr = 0.65 * ones(size(x_arr)) + noise(x_arr, 0.005);
plot(x_arr, y_arr, blackline{:})
x_head = [9.8 9.3 9.3];
y_head = [0.65 0.72 0.57];
patch(x_head, y_head, 'k')

%# left line on axis
y_line = 0.8:0.1:1.1;
x_line = ns(y_line, 6.5) + noise(y_line, 0.005);
plot(x_line, y_line, blackline{:})

%# right line on axis
y_line = 0.8:0.1:1.1;
x_line = ns(y_line, 7.2) + noise(y_line, 0.005);
plot(x_line, y_line, blackline{:})

%# axes
x_xax = x;
y_xax = 0.95 + noise(x_xax, 0.01);
y_yax = 0.95:0.1:5;
x_yax = x(1) + noise(y_yax, 0.01);
plot(x_xax, y_xax, axisline{:})
plot(x_yax, y_yax, axisline{:})


% finalize 
%# ------------------------

xlim([0.95 10])
ylim([0 5])
axis off

结果:

XKCD imitation in Matlab

要做的事情:

  1. 找到更好的功能(更好地分段定义)
  2. 将“注释”和波浪线添加到他们描述的曲线
  3. 找一个比Comic Sans更好的字体!
  4. 将所有内容概括为函数plot2xkcd,以便我们可以将任何情节/数字转换为xkcd样式。