我最终试图解决生产者 - 消费者问题,但我首先需要能够使用信号量创建一个关键部分。我目前遇到的问题是当我运行程序时,关键部分有时会有多个进程进入它。我想在给定时间只有一个进程处于临界区。这是我目前的代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#define MAX 20
int main(void)
{
key_t key = 1114;
int semid, count,
mutex = 0;
//Initialize Semaphore Buffers
struct sembuf oper0;
pid_t waitId;
pid_t parentId = getpid();
//Create processes
for(count = 0; count < MAX; count++)
{
if((waitId = fork()) == 0)
{
break;
}
}
//Create a semaphore set of 3; I will be adding more semaphores
if ((semid = semget(key, 3, 0600 | IPC_CREAT)) == -1) {
printf("error in semget");
exit(1);
}
// BINARY/MUTEX - initialize semaphore0 to 1
if(semctl(semid, mutex, SETVAL, 1) == -1)
{
printf("error in semctl");
exit(0);
}
//Decrement semaphore 0
oper0.sem_op = -1;
oper0.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &oper0, 1) == -1) {
printf("error decrementing semaphore \n");
exit(1);
}
printf(" -- CRITICAL SECTION START ----------- \n\n");
printf("%5d %d %s\n", getpid(), semctl(semid, 0, GETVAL, oper0.sem_num), " -- Semaphore 0");
printf(" -- CRITICAL SECTION END -- \n\n");
//Increments semaphore 0
oper0.sem_op = 1;
oper0.sem_flg = 0;
if (semop(semid, &oper0, 1) == -1) {
printf("error incrementing semaphore \n");
exit(1);
}
int i;
if(getpid() == parentId)
{
for(i = 0; i < MAX i++)
{
wait(&waitId);
}
}
else
{
exit(waitId);
}
// Remove semaphore
if (semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID) == -1) {
printf("error in semctl");
exit(1);
}
return 0;
}
以下是示例输出:
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
1097 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
1085 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
1095 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
1093 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
1087 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
1089 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
-- CRITICAL SECTION START -----------
1091 0 -- Semaphore 0
-- CRITICAL SECTION END --
为什么信号量有时会锁定一个进程,有时它会让两个进程进入?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
因为您在每个孩子中执行semctl(semid, mutex, SETVAL, 1)
。你真的只想做一次。如果将fork循环移动到创建和初始化信号量的位置之后,您可能会发现它看起来好多了。
另外,你可能想在printf之后fflush(stdout);如果stdout被缓冲,那么即使缓冲区被写入临界区,输出仍可能最终混合。