Windows窗体:使光标位图部分透明

时间:2009-08-06 00:52:59

标签: c# winforms gdi+ cursor alphablending

我想在拖放操作中使用部分透明的图像。这一切都已设置并且工作正常,但实际转换为透明度有一个奇怪的副作用。出于某种原因,像素似乎与黑色背景混合。

下图描述了问题:

Transparency problem

图a)是原始位图。

图b)是执行alpha混合后生成的内容。显然,这比预期的50%α滤镜要暗很多。

图c)是所需的效果,图像a)具有50%的透明度(通过绘图程序添加到组合物中)。

我用来生成trasparent图像的代码如下:

Bitmap bmpNew = new Bitmap(bmpOriginal.Width, bmpOriginal.Height);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmpNew);

// Making the bitmap 50% transparent:
float[][] ptsArray ={ 
    new float[] {1, 0, 0, 0, 0},        // Red
    new float[] {0, 1, 0, 0, 0},        // Green
    new float[] {0, 0, 1, 0, 0},        // Blue
    new float[] {0, 0, 0, 0.5f, 0},     // Alpha
    new float[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}         // Brightness
};
ColorMatrix clrMatrix = new ColorMatrix(ptsArray);
ImageAttributes imgAttributes = new ImageAttributes();
imgAttributes.SetColorMatrix(clrMatrix, ColorMatrixFlag.Default, ColorAdjustType.Bitmap);
g.DrawImage(bmpOriginal, new Rectangle(0, 0, bmpOriginal.Width, bmpOriginal.Height), 0, 0, bmpOriginal.Width, bmpOriginal.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, imgAttributes);
Cursors.Default.Draw(g, new Rectangle(bmpOriginal.Width / 2 - 8, bmpOriginal.Height / 2 - 8, 32, 32));
g.Dispose();
imgAttributes.Dispose();
return bmpNew;

有谁知道为什么alpha混合不起作用?

更新我:

为清楚起见,如果我在绘制的曲面上进行alpha混合,代码就可以工作。问题是我想从现有图像创建一个完全半透明的图像,并在拖放操作期间将其用作动态光标。即使跳过上面的内容,只绘制一个颜色为88ffffff的填充矩形,也会产生深灰色。图标上出现了一些可疑的东西。

更新II:

由于我已经研究了很多并且认为这与Cursor创建有关,我也将在下面包含该代码。如果我在CreateIconIndirect调用之前对Getmap进行位图采样,则四个颜色值似乎完好无损。因此,我有一种感觉,罪魁祸首可能是IconInfo结构的hbmColor或hbmMask成员。

这是IconInfo结构:

public struct IconInfo {    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms648052(VS.85).aspx
    public bool fIcon;      // Icon or cursor. True = Icon, False = Cursor
    public int xHotspot;
    public int yHotspot;
    public IntPtr hbmMask;  // Specifies the icon bitmask bitmap. If this structure defines a black and white icon, 
                            // this bitmask is formatted so that the upper half is the icon AND bitmask and the lower 
                            // half is the icon XOR bitmask. Under this condition, the height should be an even multiple of two. 
                            // If this structure defines a color icon, this mask only defines the AND bitmask of the icon.
    public IntPtr hbmColor; // Handle to the icon color bitmap. This member can be optional if this structure defines a black 
                            // and white icon. The AND bitmask of hbmMask is applied with the SRCAND flag to the destination; 
                            // subsequently, the color bitmap is applied (using XOR) to the destination by using the SRCINVERT flag. 

}

这是实际创建Cursor的代码:

    public static Cursor CreateCursor(Bitmap bmp, int xHotSpot, int yHotSpot) {
        IconInfo iconInfo = new IconInfo();
        GetIconInfo(bmp.GetHicon(), ref iconInfo);
        iconInfo.hbmColor = (IntPtr)0;
        iconInfo.hbmMask = bmp.GetHbitmap();
        iconInfo.xHotspot = xHotSpot;
        iconInfo.yHotspot = yHotSpot;
        iconInfo.fIcon = false;

        return new Cursor(CreateIconIndirect(ref iconInfo));
    }

两个外部函数定义如下:

    [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "CreateIconIndirect")]
    public static extern IntPtr CreateIconIndirect(ref IconInfo icon);

    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
    public static extern bool GetIconInfo(IntPtr hIcon, ref IconInfo pIconInfo);

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

在与GDI(和Win32)进行互操作时,GDI +存在许多与alpha混合相关的问题。在这种情况下,对bmp.GetHbitmap()的调用将使您的图像与黑色背景混合。 article on CodeProject提供了有关该问题的更多详细信息,以及用于将图像添加到图像列表的解决方案。

您应该能够使用类似的代码来获取HBITMAP用于掩码:

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
public static extern bool RtlMoveMemory(IntPtr dest, IntPtr source, int dwcount);
[DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr CreateDIBSection(IntPtr hdc, [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)]BITMAPINFO pbmi, uint iUsage, out IntPtr ppvBits, IntPtr hSection, uint dwOffset);

public static IntPtr GetBlendedHBitmap(Bitmap bitmap)
{
    BITMAPINFO bitmapInfo = new BITMAPINFO();
    bitmapInfo.biSize = 40;
    bitmapInfo.biBitCount = 32;
    bitmapInfo.biPlanes = 1;

    bitmapInfo.biWidth = bitmap.Width;
    bitmapInfo.biHeight = -bitmap.Height;

    IntPtr pixelData;
    IntPtr hBitmap = CreateDIBSection(
        IntPtr.Zero, bitmapInfo, 0, out pixelData, IntPtr.Zero, 0);

    Rectangle bounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height);
    BitmapData bitmapData = bitmap.LockBits(
        bounds, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb );
    RtlMoveMemory(
        pixelData, bitmapData.Scan0, bitmap.Height * bitmapData.Stride);

    bitmap.UnlockBits(bitmapData);
    return hBitmap;
}

答案 1 :(得分:3)

前一段时间,我读到这个问题是因为位图中需要预乘的alpha通道。我不确定这是Windows游标或GDI的问题,对于我的生活,我找不到有关此问题的文档。因此,虽然这种解释可能正确也可能不正确,但下面的代码确实可以做到你想要的,使用光标位图中的预乘Alpha通道。

public class CustomCursor
{
  // alphaLevel is a value between 0 and 255. For 50% transparency, use 128.
  public Cursor CreateCursorFromBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, byte alphaLevel, Point hotSpot)
  {
    Bitmap cursorBitmap = null;
    External.ICONINFO iconInfo = new External.ICONINFO();
    Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height);

    try
    {
      // Here, the premultiplied alpha channel is specified
      cursorBitmap = new Bitmap(bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppPArgb);

      // I'm assuming the source bitmap can be locked in a 24 bits per pixel format
      BitmapData bitmapData = bitmap.LockBits(rectangle, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
      BitmapData cursorBitmapData = cursorBitmap.LockBits(rectangle, ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, cursorBitmap.PixelFormat);

      // Use either SafeCopy() or UnsafeCopy() to set the bitmap contents
      SafeCopy(bitmapData, cursorBitmapData, alphaLevel);
      //UnsafeCopy(bitmapData, cursorBitmapData, alphaLevel);

      cursorBitmap.UnlockBits(cursorBitmapData);
      bitmap.UnlockBits(bitmapData);

      if (!External.GetIconInfo(cursorBitmap.GetHicon(), out iconInfo))
        throw new Exception("GetIconInfo() failed.");

      iconInfo.xHotspot = hotSpot.X;
      iconInfo.yHotspot = hotSpot.Y;
      iconInfo.IsIcon = false;

      IntPtr cursorPtr = External.CreateIconIndirect(ref iconInfo);
      if (cursorPtr == IntPtr.Zero)
        throw new Exception("CreateIconIndirect() failed.");

      return (new Cursor(cursorPtr));
    }
    finally
    {
      if (cursorBitmap != null)
        cursorBitmap.Dispose();
      if (iconInfo.ColorBitmap != IntPtr.Zero)
        External.DeleteObject(iconInfo.ColorBitmap);
      if (iconInfo.MaskBitmap != IntPtr.Zero)
        External.DeleteObject(iconInfo.MaskBitmap);
    }
  }

  private void SafeCopy(BitmapData srcData, BitmapData dstData, byte alphaLevel)
  {
    for (int y = 0; y < srcData.Height; y++)
      for (int x = 0; x < srcData.Width; x++)
      {
        byte b = Marshal.ReadByte(srcData.Scan0, y * srcData.Stride + x * 3);
        byte g = Marshal.ReadByte(srcData.Scan0, y * srcData.Stride + x * 3 + 1);
        byte r = Marshal.ReadByte(srcData.Scan0, y * srcData.Stride + x * 3 + 2);

        Marshal.WriteByte(dstData.Scan0, y * dstData.Stride + x * 4, b);
        Marshal.WriteByte(dstData.Scan0, y * dstData.Stride + x * 4 + 1, g);
        Marshal.WriteByte(dstData.Scan0, y * dstData.Stride + x * 4 + 2, r);
        Marshal.WriteByte(dstData.Scan0, y * dstData.Stride + x * 4 + 3, alphaLevel);
      }
  }

  private unsafe void UnsafeCopy(BitmapData srcData, BitmapData dstData, byte alphaLevel)
  {
    for (int y = 0; y < srcData.Height; y++)
    {
      byte* srcRow = (byte*)srcData.Scan0 + (y * srcData.Stride);
      byte* dstRow = (byte*)dstData.Scan0 + (y * dstData.Stride);

      for (int x = 0; x < srcData.Width; x++)
      {
        dstRow[x * 4] = srcRow[x * 3];
        dstRow[x * 4 + 1] = srcRow[x * 3 + 1];
        dstRow[x * 4 + 2] = srcRow[x * 3 + 2];
        dstRow[x * 4 + 3] = alphaLevel;
      }
    }
  }
}

pinvoke声明可在External类中找到,如下所示:

public class External
{
  [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
  public struct ICONINFO
  {
    public bool IsIcon;
    public int xHotspot;
    public int yHotspot;
    public IntPtr MaskBitmap;
    public IntPtr ColorBitmap;
  };

  [DllImport("user32.dll")]
  public static extern bool GetIconInfo(IntPtr hIcon, out ICONINFO piconinfo);

  [DllImport("user32.dll")]
  public static extern IntPtr CreateIconIndirect([In] ref ICONINFO piconinfo);

  [DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
  public static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hObject);

  [DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
  public static extern IntPtr CreateBitmap(int nWidth, int nHeight, uint cPlanes, uint cBitsPerPel, IntPtr lpvBits);
}

关于代码的一些注释:

  1. 要使用不安全的方法UnsafeCopy(),必须使用/ unsafe标志进行编译。
  2. 位图复制方法很难看,特别是安全方法,它使用Marshal.ReadByte()/ Marshal.WriteByte()调用。必须有一种更快的方法来复制位图数据,同时还插入alpha字节。
  3. 我确实假设源位图能够以每像素24位格式锁定。不过,这应该不是问题。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

尝试将Blue的值降低到.7或.6,看看它是否更接近你想要的。

这是一个很好的网站,解释ColorMatrix

答案 3 :(得分:0)

当我运行你的代码来修改带有背景网格图像的图片框中的图像时,我得到你想要的效果而不改变你的代码。也许你的图像被绘制在深色的东西的顶部......

答案 4 :(得分:0)

请原谅我,如果我的建议过于简单(我还是C#的新手),但我在MSDN网站上发现了这一点,也许this可能会指向正确的方向?

/亚光