对派生类的未定义引用

时间:2012-09-07 22:34:34

标签: c++ constructor undefined-reference

编辑:与c++ undefined reference to `vtable相关

我正在尝试继承一个项目,我收到了这个错误:

/tmp/ccw1aT69.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x15): undefined reference to `Derived::Derived(int)'
/tmp/ccw1aT69.o: In function `Derived::~Derived()':
main.cpp:(.text._ZN20DerivedD2Ev[_ZN20DerivedD5Ev]+0x13): undefined reference to `vtable for Derived'
main.cpp:(.text._ZN20DerivedD2Ev[_ZN20DerivedD5Ev]+0x1f): undefined reference to `Base::~Base()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

这是我的代码:

main.cpp中:

#include <iostream>
#include "Base.h"
#include "Derived.h"

int main() {
    Derived intList(25);
}

base.h:

#ifndef BASE_H
#define BASE_H

class Base {
    public:
            ...
            Base (const Base& otherList);
            virtual ~Base();
    protected:
            int *list;
            int length;
            int maxSize;
};

#endif

Base.cpp:

#include "Base.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

...definitions of my members...

Base::Base (int size) {
//stuff
}
Base::~Base() {
    delete [] list;
}
Base::Base (const Base& otherList) {
//stuff
}

Derived.h:

#ifndef DERIVED_H
#define DERIVED_H
#include "Base.h"

class Derived: public Base {
    public:
             ...
            Derived (int size = 100);
            ~Derived(); //THIS LINE ADDED AFTER FIRST ANSWER
};

#endif

Derived.cpp:

#include "Derived.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

Derived::Derived (int size)
        :Base(size){
}

导致此错误的原因是什么?看起来我无法调用构造函数,但它看起来很好。

编辑:我尝试了第一个解决方案。现在出错:

/tmp/ccA4XA0B.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x15): undefined reference to `Derived::Derived(int)'
main.cpp:(.text+0x21): undefined reference to `Derived::~Derived()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:7)

您已在Base中声明了虚拟析构函数,但您从未定义它。它需要在Derived(以及Base中定义,因为它不是纯虚函数),因为它会在main退出时调用。你应该:

class Base {
public:
    // ...
    virtual ~Base();
};

Base::~Base() {}

class Derived : public Base {
public:
    // ...
    ~Derived();
};

Derived::~Derived() { /* whatever */ }

这至少是您的一个错误的原因。我不知道这个是不是红鲱鱼,但似乎是:

  

/tmp/ccw1aT69.o:在函数main': main.cpp:(.text+0x15): undefined reference to Derived :: Derived(int)'

您定义Derived::Derived(int),因此很难想象这是一个真正的错误。定义你的析构函数,看看它是否会消失。

答案 1 :(得分:3)

好的,只是为了清楚起见,因为除了答案之外我不能将格式化的代码放在任何东西上。您不需要在派生类中提供析构函数,因为您的基类具有虚拟dtor或纯方法。以下是关于在三种不同的构造/破坏条件下证明这一点的简单方法。输出在代码后面列出。我希望这至少有助于@Jeff。我在VS2005 / 2008/2010和一个古老的gcc 4.1.2下进行了测试,所以最好是正确的。

#include <iostream>

class Base {
public:
    Base()
        { std::cout << "Base()" << std::endl; };

    virtual void call_me() = 0;

    virtual ~Base()
        { std::cout << "~Base()" << std::endl << std::endl; };
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
    Derived(int i=1)
        { std::cout << "Derived(" << i << ")" << std::endl; }

    // Base::call_me requirements.
    void call_me() 
        { std::cout << "call_me()" << std::endl; }
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    // use derived class pointer type
    Derived* pDerived = new Derived();
    pDerived->call_me();
    delete pDerived;

    // use base class pointer type
    Base* pBase = new Derived(2);
    pBase->call_me();
    delete pBase;

    // scope based
    {
        Derived obj(3);
        obj.call_me();
    }
    return 0;
}

这个输出是:

Base()
Derived(1)
call_me()
~Base()

Base()
Derived(2)
call_me()
~Base()

Base()
Derived(3)
call_me()
~Base()

答案 2 :(得分:0)

main.cpp:(.text+0x15): undefined reference to `Derived::Derived(int)'

此错误消息未提及对的未定义引用,因为标题问题如此。相反,它抱怨对构造函数的未定义引用,它引用了一个int参数。从我粗略看一下你的代码,你只声明了这个构造函数而没有定义它。在.cpp文件中添加定义,您应该解决此错误。

此外,通常的做法是在所有成员函数声明之前放置构造函数声明。起初我错过了这些声明,因为它们不是我所期望的。我强烈建议你这样做,以便在这里提出问题时避免将来的误解。