刚刚写了一些讨厌的代码,迭代Python中的dict
或list
。我觉得这不是最好的方法。
问题在于,为了迭代dict,这就是惯例:
for key in dict_object:
dict_object[key] = 1
但是如果在列表上完成相同的操作,则按键修改对象属性不起作用:
# Throws an error because the value of key is the property value, not
# the list index:
for key in list_object:
list_object[key] = 1
我解决这个问题的方法是编写这个讨厌的代码:
if isinstance(obj, dict):
for key in obj:
do_loop_contents(obj, key)
elif isinstance(obj, list):
for i in xrange(0, len(obj)):
do_loop_contents(obj, i)
def do_loop_contents(obj, key):
obj[key] = 1
有更好的方法吗?
谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:14)
我永远不需要这样做。但如果我这样做,我可能会做这样的事情:
seq_iter = x if isinstance(x, dict) else xrange(len(x))
例如,以函数形式:
>>> def seq_iter(obj):
... return obj if isinstance(obj, dict) else xrange(len(obj))
...
>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> for i in seq_iter(x):
... x[i] = 99
...
>>> x
[99, 99, 99]
>>>
>>> x = {1: 2, 2:3, 3:4}
>>> for i in seq_iter(x):
... x[i] = 99
...
>>> x
{1: 99, 2: 99, 3: 99}
答案 1 :(得分:6)
这是正确的方法,但如果由于某种原因你需要以同样的方式处理这两个对象,你可以创建一个无论如何都会返回索引/键的迭代:
def common_iterable(obj):
if isinstance(obj, dict):
return obj
else:
return (index for index, value in enumerate(obj))
哪种行为符合您的要求:
>>> d = {'a': 10, 'b': 20}
>>> l = [1,2,3,4]
>>> for index in common_iterable(d):
d[index] = 0
>>> d
{'a': 0, 'b': 0}
>>> for index in common_iterable(l):
l[index] = 0
>>> l
[0, 0, 0, 0]
或者可能更有效率,使用发电机:
def common_iterable(obj):
if isinstance(obj, dict):
for key in obj:
yield key
else:
for index, value in enumerate(obj):
yield index
答案 2 :(得分:2)
要成为pythonic和ducktype-y,并且还要遵循“请求宽恕而不是许可”,你可以做类似的事情:
try:
iterator = obj.iteritems()
except AttributeError:
iterator = enumerate(obj)
for reference, value in iterator:
do_loop_contents(obj, reference)
虽然你需要的只是键/索引:
try:
references = obj.keys()
except AttributeError:
references = range(len(obj))
for reference in references:
do_loop_contents(obj, reference)
或作为一项功能:
def reference_and_value_iterator(iterable):
try:
return iterable.iteritems()
except AttributeError:
return enumerate(iterable)
for reference, value in reference_and_value_iterator(obj):
do_loop_contents(obj, reference)
或仅供参考:
def references(iterable):
try:
return iterable.keys()
except AttributeError:
return range(len(iterable))
for reference in references(obj):
do_loop_contents(obj, reference)
答案 3 :(得分:1)
test_list = [2, 3, 4]
for i, entry in enumerate(test_list):
test_list[i] = entry * 2
print(test_list) # Gives: [4, 6, 8]
但你可能想要列表理解:
test_list = [2, 3, 4]
test_list = [entry * 2 for entry in test_list]
print(test_list) # Gives: [4, 6, 8]
答案 4 :(得分:1)
您可能只想拥有不同的代码,具体取决于您尝试更改的对象是dict还是列表。
if type(object)==type([]):
for key in range(len(object)):
object[key]=1
elif type(object)==type({}): #use 'else' if you know that object will be a dict if not a list
for key in object:
object[key]=1