Scala Worker Actors的设计注意事项

时间:2012-09-03 16:20:10

标签: scala actor

今年秋天我将参加一个分布式系统课程,因为Scala演员对这个领域的渲染非常有用,所以我刚开始学习Scala。从我到目前为止所读到的关于“Scala中的演员”一词的Actors我有一个问题似乎没有在文中非常明确地解决。

我目前正在使用多核处理器的单台机器上建模我的程序,并在Master-Workers模型中使用基于事件的actor。现在,以下两个设计选择中哪一个会导致所有处理器内核得到最佳使用?

1)将演员的数量限制为一个小的固定数字,不论主演员拥有的作业数量,都可以分发给工人演员(顺便提一下,这可能会相当大)

2)产生与主要演员需要完成的工作数量一样多的演员

哪些因素会影响我对上述两种选择的决定?

更新:我打印出我正在运行的100名工人演员的线程ID,这是输出 -

No. of Processors-2
MainActor is on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
AccumulatorActor is on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]

Worker Actor-1 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-4 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-5 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-6 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-7 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-8 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-9 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-10 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-3 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-12 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main] 
Worker Actor-13 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-14 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-15 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-2 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-16 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-11 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-17 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-18 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-19 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-20 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-21 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-22 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-23 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-24 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-25 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-26 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-28 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-29 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-27 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-30 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-31 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-33 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-32 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-34 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-35 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-36 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-38 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-39 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-40 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-41 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-42 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-43 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-44 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-45 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-46 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-47 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-48 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-51 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-50 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-54 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-49 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-56 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-57 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-58 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-55 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-59 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-52 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-61 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-60 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-63 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-53 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-65 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-66 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-68 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-64 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-62 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-70 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-69 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-67 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-72 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-73 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-71 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-75 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-78 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-79 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-80 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-81 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-82 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-83 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-74 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-84 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-85 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-77 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-76 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-86 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-87 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-88 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-89 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-91 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-92 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-94 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-95 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]
Worker Actor-96 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-90 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-98 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-99 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1,5,main]
Worker Actor-100 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-93 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2,5,main]
Worker Actor-37 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0,5,main]
Worker Actor-97 running on thread:Thread[ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3,5,main]

如上所示,ForkJoinPool中有四个工作线程,而我的机器上有两个cpu内核。我不确定为什么会这样,因为快速浏览一下ResizableThreadPoolScheduler的来源让我相信最初池中的工作线程数等于cpu核心数,并且如果有任何一个actor,它们会动态增加被阻塞在池中的一个工作线程上。我使用的所有actor都是基于事件的(反应)并且不执行任何阻塞操作。一个理想的场景是在ForkJoinPool中只有2个线程,并让它们在执行每个actor的工作的两个核心上并行运行。我的理解是正确的,还是我在这里遗漏了什么?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

你听起来像是在考虑演员,好像他们是线程一样。拥有演员系统的部分目的是将你的问题与演员本身分开。演员创作起来很便宜,所以有几千名演员都可以。成千上万的演员并不意味着他们每个人都试图同时奔跑。

Scheduler管理如何执行actor请求。默认情况下,您将获得ForkJoinScheduler或(在特殊JVM上)  ResizableThreadPoolScheduler

在两种情况下,并行任务的数量均由ThreadPoolConfig控制,默认为max(2*cores,4)。在本课程中,您还可以了解如何通过系统属性覆盖这些默认值:

  • actors.enableForkJoin允许您控制调度程序的选择
  • actors.corePoolSize设置初始“线程”池大小
  • actors.maxPoolSize设置最大尺寸

请注意,研究Akka演员可能是一个更好的主意,因为他们可能会在某些时候replace the original Scala actor implementation,提供更多功能并加强对演员模型的更清晰的遵守(因为你只得到{{1并且不能再直接调用你的actor上的方法了)。在Akka中,调度程序的等价物是dispatchers