将文件从REST Web服务发送到客户端的正确方法是什么?

时间:2012-09-02 21:26:10

标签: java json web-services rest jersey

我刚刚开始开发REST服务,但我遇到了一个困难的情况:从我的REST服务向我的客户端发送文件。到目前为止,我已经掌握了如何发送简单数据类型(字符串,整数等),但发送文件是另一回事,因为有太多的文件格式,我不知道我应该在哪里开始。我的REST服务是基于Java的,我使用的是Jersey,我使用JSON格式发送所有数据。

我读过有关base64编码的内容,有人说这是一种很好的技术,有人说这不是因为文件大小问题。什么是正确的方法?这就是我项目中一个简单的资源类的样子:

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Request;
import javax.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;

import com.mx.ipn.escom.testerRest.dao.TemaDao;
import com.mx.ipn.escom.testerRest.modelo.Tema;

@Path("/temas")
public class TemaResource {

    @GET
    @Produces({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON})
    public List<Tema> getTemas() throws SQLException{

        TemaDao temaDao = new TemaDao();        
        List<Tema> temas=temaDao.getTemas();
        temaDao.terminarSesion();

        return temas;
    }
}

我猜测发送文件的代码类似于:

import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;

@Path("/resourceFiles")
public class FileResource {

    @GET
    @Produces({application/x-octet-stream})
    public File getFiles() throws SQLException{ //I'm not really sure what kind of data type I should return

        // Code for encoding the file or just send it in a data stream, I really don't know what should be done here

        return file;
    }
}

我应该使用哪种注释?我见过一些人推荐@GET使用@Produces({application/x-octet-stream}),这是正确的方法吗?我发送的文件是特定文件,因此客户端不需要浏览文件。任何人都可以指导我如何发送文件?我应该使用base64对其进行编码以将其作为JSON对象发送吗?或者不需要编码将其作为JSON对象发送?感谢您提供的任何帮助。

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:118)

我不建议在base64中编码二进制数据并将其包装在JSON中。它会不必要地增加响应的大小并减慢速度。

使用GET和application/octect-stream使用javax.ws.rs.core.Response的工厂方法(JAX-RS API的一部分,因此您不会被锁定到Jersey),只需使用GET和@GET @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM) public Response getFile() { File file = ... // Initialize this to the File path you want to serve. return Response.ok(file, MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM) .header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + file.getName() + "\"" ) //optional .build(); } 提供文件数据:

File

如果您没有实际的InputStream对象,但{{1}},Response.ok(entity, mediaType)也应该能够处理该对象。

答案 1 :(得分:5)

如果要返回要下载的文件,特别是如果要与文件上传/下载的某些javascript库集成,那么下面的代码应该可以完成这项工作:

@GET
@Path("/{key}")
public Response download(@PathParam("key") String key,
                         @Context HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    try {
        //Get your File or Object from wherever you want...
            //you can use the key parameter to indentify your file
            //otherwise it can be removed
        //let's say your file is called "object"
        response.setContentLength((int) object.getContentLength());
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="
                + object.getName());
        ServletOutputStream outStream = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] bbuf = new byte[(int) object.getContentLength() + 1024];
        DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(
                object.getDataInputStream());
        int length = 0;
        while ((in != null) && ((length = in.read(bbuf)) != -1)) {
            outStream.write(bbuf, 0, length);
        }
        in.close();
        outStream.flush();
    } catch (S3ServiceException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (ServiceException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return Response.ok().build();
}

答案 2 :(得分:5)

将机器地址从localhost更改为您希望客户端连接的IP地址,以便调用下面提到的服务。

客户端调用REST webservice:

package in.india.client.downloadfiledemo;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status;

import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientHandlerException;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.UniformInterfaceException;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource;
import com.sun.jersey.multipart.BodyPart;
import com.sun.jersey.multipart.MultiPart;

public class DownloadFileClient {

    private static final String BASE_URI = "http://localhost:8080/DownloadFileDemo/services/downloadfile";

    public DownloadFileClient() {

        try {
            Client client = Client.create();
            WebResource objWebResource = client.resource(BASE_URI);
            ClientResponse response = objWebResource.path("/")
                    .type(MediaType.TEXT_HTML).get(ClientResponse.class);

            System.out.println("response : " + response);
            if (response.getStatus() == Status.OK.getStatusCode()
                    && response.hasEntity()) {
                MultiPart objMultiPart = response.getEntity(MultiPart.class);
                java.util.List<BodyPart> listBodyPart = objMultiPart
                        .getBodyParts();
                BodyPart filenameBodyPart = listBodyPart.get(0);
                BodyPart fileLengthBodyPart = listBodyPart.get(1);
                BodyPart fileBodyPart = listBodyPart.get(2);

                String filename = filenameBodyPart.getEntityAs(String.class);
                String fileLength = fileLengthBodyPart
                        .getEntityAs(String.class);
                File streamedFile = fileBodyPart.getEntityAs(File.class);

                BufferedInputStream objBufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(
                        new FileInputStream(streamedFile));

                byte[] bytes = new byte[objBufferedInputStream.available()];

                objBufferedInputStream.read(bytes);

                String outFileName = "D:/"
                        + filename;
                System.out.println("File name is : " + filename
                        + " and length is : " + fileLength);
                FileOutputStream objFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(
                        outFileName);
                objFileOutputStream.write(bytes);
                objFileOutputStream.close();
                objBufferedInputStream.close();
                File receivedFile = new File(outFileName);
                System.out.print("Is the file size is same? :\t");
                System.out.println(Long.parseLong(fileLength) == receivedFile
                        .length());
            }
        } catch (UniformInterfaceException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClientHandlerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    public static void main(String... args) {
        new DownloadFileClient();
    }
}

响应客户服务:

package in.india.service.downloadfiledemo;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import com.sun.jersey.multipart.MultiPart;

@Path("downloadfile")
@Produces("multipart/mixed")
public class DownloadFileResource {

    @GET
    public Response getFile() {

        java.io.File objFile = new java.io.File(
                "D:/DanGilbert_2004-480p-en.mp4");
        MultiPart objMultiPart = new MultiPart();
        objMultiPart.type(new MediaType("multipart", "mixed"));
        objMultiPart
                .bodyPart(objFile.getName(), new MediaType("text", "plain"));
        objMultiPart.bodyPart("" + objFile.length(), new MediaType("text",
                "plain"));
        objMultiPart.bodyPart(objFile, new MediaType("multipart", "mixed"));

        return Response.ok(objMultiPart).build();

    }
}

JAR需要:

jersey-bundle-1.14.jar
jersey-multipart-1.14.jar
mimepull.jar

WEB.XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>DownloadFileDemo</display-name>
    <servlet>
        <display-name>JAX-RS REST Servlet</display-name>
        <servlet-name>JAX-RS REST Servlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
             <param-name>com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages</param-name> 
             <param-value>in.india.service.downloadfiledemo</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>JAX-RS REST Servlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

答案 3 :(得分:-2)

由于您使用的是JSON,我会在通过网络发送之前对Base64进行编码。

如果文件很大,请尝试查看BSON,或其他一些二进制传输更好的格式。

如果文件压缩得很好,你也可以压缩文件,然后再对base64进行编码。