我一直认为将InstanceContextMode设置为PerCall会使并发模式无关紧要,即使使用会话感知绑定(如net.tcp)也是如此。这就是MSDN所说的 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731193.aspx “在PerCallinstancing中,并发性并不重要,因为每个消息都由新的InstanceContext处理,因此InstanceContext中永远不会有多个线程处于活动状态。”
但今天我正在阅读Juval Lowy的书“编程WCF服务”,他在第8章写道
如果每次呼叫服务具有传输级会话,则是否 允许并发处理呼叫是服务的产物 并发模式。如果服务配置为 ConcurrencyMode.Single,挂起的并发处理 呼叫没有降低,呼叫一次一个地发送。 [...]我认为这是一个有缺陷的设计。如果服务是 配置ConcurrencyMode.Multiple,并发处理 允许。呼叫在到达时分派,每个呼叫到新的实例, 并发执行。这里有一个有趣的观察是 对于输入的兴趣,配置一个是个好主意 ConcurrencyMode.Multiple-实例本身的每次调用服务 仍然是线程安全的(因此你不会招致同步 但是,您将允许来自同一客户的并发呼叫。
这与我的理解和MSDN所说的相矛盾。哪个是对的 ? 在我的情况下,我有一个WCF Net.Tcp服务使用我的许多客户端应用程序创建一个新的代理对象,进行调用,然后立即关闭代理。该服务具有PerCall InstanceContextMode。如果我将InstanceContextMode更改为Multiple而没有比percall更糟糕的线程安全行为,我是否会获得更高的吞吐量?
答案 0 :(得分:8)
阅读Lowy声明中的关键词是“为了吞吐量”。 Lowy指出,当使用ConcurrencyMode.Single时,WCF将盲目地实现锁定以强制序列化到服务实例。锁是昂贵的,这是不必要的,因为PerCall已经保证第二个线程永远不会尝试调用相同的服务实例。
就行为而言: ConcurrencyMode对于PerCall服务实例无关紧要。
在效果方面: 作为ConcurrencyMode.Multiple的PerCall服务应该稍快一些,因为它不会创建和获取ConcurrencyMode.Single正在使用的(不需要的)线程锁。
我编写了一个快速基准测试程序,看看我是否可以衡量单一与多重对PerCall服务的性能影响: 基准测试显示无差异。
如果您想尝试自己运行,我会粘贴在下面的代码中。
我尝试的测试用例:
我在运行Service 2008 R2的4 CPU VM上运行此命令。除1线程外,其他所有情况都受CPU限制。
<强>结果: 所有的运行都在彼此的约5%之内。 有时ConcurrencyMode.Multiple更快。有时ConcurrencyMode.Single更快。也许正确的统计分析可以挑选一个胜利者。在我看来,他们足够接近无所谓。
这是一个典型的输出:
在net.pipe:// localhost / base上启动单一服务... Type = SingleService ThreadCount = 600 ThreadCallCount = 500 运行时:45156759滴答 12615毫秒
在net.pipe:// localhost / base上启动多个服务... Type = MultipleService ThreadCount = 600 ThreadCallCount = 500 运行时间:48731273刻度 13613毫秒
在net.pipe:// localhost / base上启动单一服务... Type = SingleService ThreadCount = 600 ThreadCallCount = 500 运行时间:48701509刻度 13605毫秒
在net.pipe:// localhost / base上启动多个服务... Type = MultipleService ThreadCount = 600 ThreadCallCount = 500 运行时间:48590336滴答 13574毫秒
基准代码:
常见警告:这是基准代码,它采用不适合生产用途的捷径。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace WCFTest
{
[ServiceContract]
public interface ISimple
{
[OperationContract()]
void Put();
}
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Single)]
public class SingleService : ISimple
{
public void Put()
{
//Console.WriteLine("put got " + i);
return;
}
}
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)]
public class MultipleService : ISimple
{
public void Put()
{
//Console.WriteLine("put got " + i);
return;
}
}
public class ThreadParms
{
public int ManagedThreadId { get; set; }
public ServiceEndpoint ServiceEndpoint { get; set; }
}
public class BenchmarkService
{
public readonly int ThreadCount;
public readonly int ThreadCallCount;
public readonly Type ServiceType;
int _completed = 0;
System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch _stopWatch;
EventWaitHandle _waitHandle;
bool _done;
public BenchmarkService(Type serviceType, int threadCount, int threadCallCount)
{
this.ServiceType = serviceType;
this.ThreadCount = threadCount;
this.ThreadCallCount = threadCallCount;
_done = false;
}
public void Run(string baseAddress)
{
if (_done)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Can't run twice");
ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(ServiceType, new Uri(baseAddress));
host.Open();
Console.WriteLine("Starting " + ServiceType.Name + " on " + baseAddress + "...");
_waitHandle = new EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode.ManualReset);
_completed = 0;
_stopWatch = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
ServiceEndpoint endpoint = host.Description.Endpoints.Find(typeof(ISimple));
for (int i = 1; i <= ThreadCount; i++)
{
// ServiceEndpoint is NOT thread safe. Make a copy for each thread.
ServiceEndpoint temp = new ServiceEndpoint(endpoint.Contract, endpoint.Binding, endpoint.Address);
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(CallServiceManyTimes),
new ThreadParms() { ManagedThreadId = i, ServiceEndpoint = temp });
}
_waitHandle.WaitOne();
host.Shutdown();
_done = true;
//Console.WriteLine("All DONE.");
Console.WriteLine(" Type=" + ServiceType.Name + " ThreadCount=" + ThreadCount + " ThreadCallCount=" + ThreadCallCount);
Console.WriteLine(" runtime: " + _stopWatch.ElapsedTicks + " ticks " + _stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds + " msec");
}
public void CallServiceManyTimes(object threadParams)
{
ThreadParms p = (ThreadParms)threadParams;
ChannelFactory<ISimple> factory = new ChannelFactory<ISimple>(p.ServiceEndpoint);
ISimple proxy = factory.CreateChannel();
for (int i = 1; i < ThreadCallCount; i++)
{
proxy.Put();
}
((ICommunicationObject)proxy).Shutdown();
factory.Shutdown();
int currentCompleted = Interlocked.Increment(ref _completed);
if (currentCompleted == ThreadCount)
{
_stopWatch.Stop();
_waitHandle.Set();
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
BenchmarkService benchmark;
int threadCount = 600;
int threadCalls = 500;
string baseAddress = "net.pipe://localhost/base";
for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
{
benchmark = new BenchmarkService(typeof(SingleService), threadCount, threadCalls);
benchmark.Run(baseAddress);
benchmark = new BenchmarkService(typeof(MultipleService), threadCount, threadCalls);
benchmark.Run(baseAddress);
}
baseAddress = "http://localhost/base";
for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
{
benchmark = new BenchmarkService(typeof(SingleService), threadCount, threadCalls);
benchmark.Run(baseAddress);
benchmark = new BenchmarkService(typeof(MultipleService), threadCount, threadCalls);
benchmark.Run(baseAddress);
}
Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to close.");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public static class Extensions
{
static public void Shutdown(this ICommunicationObject obj)
{
try
{
if (obj != null)
obj.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Shutdown exception: {0}", ex.Message);
obj.Abort();
}
}
}
}