我有一个
typedef struct node
{
node* br;
node* son;
};
给定一个字符串char* str
,其中包含(
,)
的序列
我需要为这个字符串构建一个树,例如:
对于string(()())(),将构建以下树:
br br
node ----- node ---- NULL
|son |son
| NULL
| br br br
node --- node --- node --- NULL
|son |son
NULL NULL
答案 0 :(得分:2)
你的树有点难读。我假设每个括号都是一个节点,所有嵌套的括号都是子节点。
这是一个简单的算法:
We start with a root node representing the empty string.
For each char c in the string s:
if c == '(':
create a new child node
move to the new created node
else:
move to the parent node
这应该会给你一个漂亮的树。你需要检查字符串是否有效,并在需要时补偿/纠正。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
此代码使用堆栈来存储对应于尚未看到close paren的开放parens的节点。当它看到一个打开的paren时,它会将一个新节点推送到堆栈。当它看到一个关闭的paren时,它会从堆栈中删除当前的顶级节点,并使其成为其父节点的子节点,该节点就在其下方。
#include <list>
#include <stack>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
struct Node {
std::list<Node> children;
};
bool parse_parens (const char *str, Node *out)
{
// stack of nodes for which open paren was seen but
// close paren has not yet been seen
std::stack<Node> stack;
// push the virtual root node which doesn't correspond
// to any parens
stack.push(Node());
for (size_t i = 0; str[i]; i++) {
if (str[i] == '(') {
// push new node to stack
stack.push(Node());
}
else if (str[i] == ')') {
if (stack.size() <= 1) {
// too many close parens
// (<=1 because root has no close paren)
return false;
}
// Current top node on stack was created from the
// open paren which corresponds to the close paren
// we've just seen. Remove this node it from the stack.
Node top = std::move(stack.top());
stack.pop();
// Make it a child of the node which was just below it.
stack.top().children.push_back(std::move(top));
}
else {
// bad character
return false;
}
}
if (stack.size() > 1) {
// missing close parens
return false;
}
// return the root node
*out = std::move(stack.top());
return true;
}
bool print_parens (const Node &node)
{
for (std::list<Node>::const_iterator it = node.children.begin(); it != node.children.end(); ++it) {
const Node &child = *it;
std::cout << "(";
print_parens(child);
std::cout << ")";
}
}
int main ()
{
Node root;
bool res = parse_parens("(())()(()())", &root);
if (!res) {
std::cout << "Error parsing!\n";
return 1;
}
print_parens(root);
std::cout << "\n";
return 0;
}
这使用std::list
来存储兄弟节点,这比你提出的更容易使用。但是同样的算法也应该在那里工作。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
您可以使用堆栈来实现此功能,一旦找到左括号,然后将此节点添加到堆栈。如果再次左括号将child添加到堆栈的最顶层元素。在右括号中从堆栈中删除节点。那就是它。