Java DecimalFormat科学记数法问题

时间:2009-07-31 17:10:31

标签: java formatting decimal scientific-notation

我正在使用Java的DecimalFormat类在Scientific Notation中打印出数字。但是,我有一个问题。无论价值如何,我都需要字符串固定长度,并且十次幂的符号将其抛弃。目前,这就是我的格式:

DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0");

这给了我以下组合:1.0E1,1.0E-1,-1.0E1和-1.0E-1。

我可以使用 setPositivePrefix 获取:+ 1.0E1,+ 1.0E-1,-1.0E1和-1.0E-1,或者我喜欢的任何东西,但它不会影响权力的标志!

有没有办法做到这一点,以便我可以有固定长度的字符串?谢谢!

编辑:啊,所以使用Java现有的 DecimalFormat API无法做到这一点?谢谢你的建议!我想我可能必须继承 DecimalFormat ,因为我受到已经存在的接口的限制。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

这形成了我,

DecimalFormatSymbols SYMBOLS = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.US);

    if (value > 1 || value < -1) {
        SYMBOLS.setExponentSeparator("e+");
    } else {
        SYMBOLS.setExponentSeparator("e");
    }

    DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat(sb.toString(), SYMBOLS);

答案 1 :(得分:3)

您可以改为使用printf()

Format format = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0");
Double d = new Double(.01);
System.out.println(format.format(d));
System.out.printf("%1.1E\n", d);
d = new Double(100);
System.out.println(format.format(d));
System.out.printf("%1.1E\n", d);

输出:

1.0E-2
1.0E-02
1.0E2
1.0E+02

如果您需要输出String,则可以使用Formatted Printing for Java (sprintf)提供的信息来执行此操作。

编辑:哇,PrintfFormat()事情是巨大的,似乎没必要:

OutputStream b = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream p = new PrintStream(b);
p.printf("%1.1E", d);
System.out.println(b.toString());

我从Get an OutputStream into a String得到了上述代码的想法。

答案 2 :(得分:2)

这是一种方式。也许是Hokey,但它有效......

public class DecimalFormatTest extends TestCase {
    private static class MyFormat extends NumberFormat {
        private final DecimalFormat decimal;

        public MyFormat(String pattern) {
            decimal = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
        }

        public StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append(modified(Math.abs(number) > 1.0, decimal.format(number, toAppendTo, pos).toString()));
            return sb;
        }

        private String modified(boolean large, String s) {
            return large ? s.replace("E", "E+") : s;
        }

        public StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append(modified(true, decimal.format(number, toAppendTo, pos).toString()));
            return sb;
        }

        public Number parse(String source, ParsePosition parsePosition) {
            return decimal.parse(source, parsePosition);
        }

        public void setPositivePrefix(String newValue) {
            decimal.setPositivePrefix(newValue);
        }
    }
    private MyFormat    format;

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        format = new MyFormat("0.0E0");
        format.setPositivePrefix("+");
    }

    public void testPositiveLargeNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("+1.0E+2", format.format(100.0));
    }

    public void testPositiveSmallNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("+1.0E-2", format.format(0.01));
    }

    public void testNegativeLargeNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("-1.0E+2", format.format(-100.0));
    }

    public void testNegativeSmallNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("-1.0E-2", format.format(-0.01));
    }
}

或者你可以子类 DecimalFormat,但我发现它通常更清晰,不能从具体类中继承。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

如何使用?
请参阅formatTest方法。

if (value.compareTo(positive) == 1 || value.compareTo(negative) == -1)对非常大的数字非常有用

/**
 * inspired by:<br>
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/13065493/8356718
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/18027214/8356718
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/25794946/8356718
 */
public static String format(String number, int scale) {
    BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(number);
    DecimalFormatSymbols symbols = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.US);
    BigDecimal positive = new BigDecimal(1);// scale is zero
    positive.setScale(0);// unnecessary
    BigDecimal negative = new BigDecimal(-1);// scale is zero
    negative.setScale(0);// unnecessary
    if (value.compareTo(positive) == 1 || value.compareTo(negative) == -1) {
        symbols.setExponentSeparator("e+");
    } else {
        symbols.setExponentSeparator("e");
    }
    DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0", symbols);
    formatter.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
    formatter.setMinimumFractionDigits(scale);
    return formatter.format(value);
}

/**
 * set the scale automatically
 */
public static String format(String number) {
    BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(number);
    return format(number, value.scale() > 0 ? value.precision() : value.scale());
}

/*
output:
----------
0e0
1.0e-2
-1.0e-2
1.234560e-5
-1.234560e-5
1e0
-1e0
3e+0
-3e+0
2e+2
-2e+2
----------
0.0000000000e0
1.0000000000e-2
-1.0000000000e-2
1.2345600000e-5
-1.2345600000e-5
1.0000000000e0
-1.0000000000e0
3.0000000000e+0
-3.0000000000e+0
2.0000000000e+2
-2.0000000000e+2
----------
*/
public static void formatTest() {
    System.out.println("----------");
    System.out.println(format("0"));
    System.out.println(format("0.01"));
    System.out.println(format("-0.01"));
    System.out.println(format("0.0000123456"));
    System.out.println(format("-0.0000123456"));
    System.out.println(format("1"));
    System.out.println(format("-1"));
    System.out.println(format("3"));
    System.out.println(format("-3"));
    System.out.println(format("200"));
    System.out.println(format("-200"));
    System.out.println("----------");
    System.out.println(format("0", 10));
    System.out.println(format("0.01", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-0.01", 10));
    System.out.println(format("0.0000123456", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-0.0000123456", 10));
    System.out.println(format("1", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-1", 10));
    System.out.println(format("3", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-3", 10));
    System.out.println(format("200", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-200", 10));
    System.out.println("----------");
}

答案 4 :(得分:-1)

为什么不使用“0.0E + 0”模式?注意前一个零之前的加号。