我无法在python和网络上找到任何好的易学文档。在这个例子中，我只是想制作一个简单的脚本，我可以ping许多远程机器。
for ping in range(1,10):
ip="127.0.0."+str(ping)
os.system("ping -c 3 %s" % ip)
这样一个简单的脚本可以很好地ping机器，但是我想让脚本返回'active''没有响应'这让我觉得我还要查看时间模块，我想time.sleep(5)，然后会有一个中断声明。这让我觉得里面应该有一个while循环。我不是百分百肯定，我可能会完全朝着错误的方向前进：/如果有人可以提供帮助，或者指向一些非常棒的文档。
答案 0 :(得分：26)
试试subprocess.call。它保存了所使用程序的返回值。
根据我的ping手册，成功时返回0，发送ping时返回2但未收到回复，其他任何值都表示错误。
# typo error in import
import subprocess
for ping in range(1,10):
address = "127.0.0." + str(ping)
res = subprocess.call(['ping', '-c', '3', address])
if res == 0:
print "ping to", address, "OK"
elif res == 2:
print "no response from", address
else:
print "ping to", address, "failed!"
答案 1 :(得分：10)
这个脚本：
import subprocess
import os
with open(os.devnull, "wb") as limbo:
for n in xrange(1, 10):
ip="192.168.0.{0}".format(n)
result=subprocess.Popen(["ping", "-c", "1", "-n", "-W", "2", ip],
stdout=limbo, stderr=limbo).wait()
if result:
print ip, "inactive"
else:
print ip, "active"
会产生类似这样的输出：
192.168.0.1 active
192.168.0.2 active
192.168.0.3 inactive
192.168.0.4 inactive
192.168.0.5 inactive
192.168.0.6 inactive
192.168.0.7 active
192.168.0.8 inactive
192.168.0.9 inactive
如果将limbo替换为subprocess.PIPE并使用communicate()对象上的Popen，则可以捕获输出：
p=Popen( ... )
output=p.communicate()
result=p.wait()
这样您就可以获得命令的返回值并捕获文本。在manual之后，如果您需要灵活性，这是操作子流程的首选方法：
此模块中的基础流程创建和管理是 由Popen班级处理。它提供了很大的灵活性 开发人员能够处理不常见的案例 便利功能。
答案 2 :(得分：5)
非常感谢你。我已将其修改为与Windows一起使用。我也设置了一个低超时，所以没有返回的IP将不会等待5秒钟。这是来自hochl源代码。
import subprocess
import os
with open(os.devnull, "wb") as limbo:
for n in xrange(200, 240):
ip="10.2.7.{0}".format(n)
result=subprocess.Popen(["ping", "-n", "1", "-w", "200", ip],
stdout=limbo, stderr=limbo).wait()
if result:
print ip, "inactive"
else:
print ip, "active"
只需更改您的方案的ip =和主机的xrange。
答案 3 :(得分：4)
我是初学者并编写了一个脚本来ping多个主机。要ping多个主机，您可以使用ipaddress模块。
import ipaddress
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
net4 = ipaddress.ip_network('192.168.2.0/24')
for x in net4.hosts():
x = str(x)
hostup = Popen(["ping", "-c1", x], stdout=PIPE)
output = hostup.communicate()[0]
val1 = hostup.returncode
if val1 == 0:
print(x, "is pinging")
else:
print(x, "is not responding")
答案 4 :(得分：2)
要同时ping多个主机，您可以使用subprocess.Popen()：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import time
from subprocess import Popen, DEVNULL
p = {} # ip -> process
for n in range(1, 100): # start ping processes
ip = "127.0.0.%d" % n
p[ip] = Popen(['ping', '-n', '-w5', '-c3', ip], stdout=DEVNULL)
#NOTE: you could set stderr=subprocess.STDOUT to ignore stderr also
while p:
for ip, proc in p.items():
if proc.poll() is not None: # ping finished
del p[ip] # remove from the process list
if proc.returncode == 0:
print('%s active' % ip)
elif proc.returncode == 1:
print('%s no response' % ip)
else:
print('%s error' % ip)
break
如果您可以作为root运行，则可以使用pure Python ping script或scapy：
from scapy.all import sr, ICMP, IP, L3RawSocket, conf
conf.L3socket = L3RawSocket # for loopback interface
ans, unans = sr(IP(dst="127.0.0.1-99")/ICMP(), verbose=0) # make requests
ans.summary(lambda (s,r): r.sprintf("%IP.src% is alive"))
答案 5 :(得分：1)
import subprocess
import os
'''
servers.txt contains ip address in following format
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2
'''
with open('servers.txt', 'r') as f:
for ip in f:
result=subprocess.Popen(["ping", "-c", "1", "-n", "-W", "2", ip],stdout=f, stderr=f).wait()
if result:
print(ip, "inactive")
else:
print(ip, "active")
答案 6 :(得分：0)
Python实际上有一个非常甜蜜的method，它将在网络中的可用主机上返回一个迭代器＆＃39;。 （将strict设置为false会迭代所有IP）
例如：
import subprocess
import ipaddress
subnet = ipaddress.ip_network('192.168.1.0/24', strict=False)
for i in subnet.hosts():
i = str(i)
subprocess.call(["ping", "-c1", "-n", "-i0.1", "-W1", i])
等待间隔（-i0.1）对于自动化可能很重要，即使一秒超时（-t1）也可能永远超过.0 / 24
修改： 因此，为了跟踪ICMP（ping）请求，我们可以这样做：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import subprocess
import ipaddress
alive = []
subnet = ipaddress.ip_network('192.168.1.0/23', strict=False)
for i in subnet.hosts():
i = str(i)
retval = subprocess.call(["ping", "-c1", "-n", "-i0.1", "-W1", i])
if retval == 0:
alive.append(i)
for ip in alive:
print(ip + " is alive")
将返回类似的内容：
192.168.0.1 is alive
192.168.0.2 is alive
192.168.1.1 is alive
192.168.1.246 is alive
即。所有响应ICMP的IP都在整个/ 23--非常酷！
答案 7 :(得分：0)
我在python 2.7中使用多线程对上面的代码做了一些修改：
import subprocess,os,threading,time
import Queue
lock=threading.Lock()
_start=time.time()
def check(n):
with open(os.devnull, "wb") as limbo:
ip=n
result=subprocess.Popen(["ping", "-n", "2", "-w", "300", ip],stdout=limbo, stderr=limbo).wait()
with lock:
if not result:
print ip, "active"
else:
print ip, "Inactive"
def threader():
while True:
worker=q.get()
check(worker)
q.task_done()
q = Queue.Queue()
for x in range(255):
t=threading.Thread(target=threader)
t.daemon=True
t.start()
ip = ["13.45.23.523", "13.35.23.523","23.23.56.346"]
for worker in ip:
q.put(worker)
q.join()
print("Process completed in: ",time.time()-_start)
答案 8 :(得分：-1)
import subprocess,os,threading,time
from queue import Queue
lock=threading.Lock()
_start=time.time()
def check(n):
with open(os.devnull, "wb") as limbo:
ip="192.168.21.{0}".format(n)
result=subprocess.Popen(["ping", "-n", "1", "-w", "300", ip],stdout=limbo, stderr=limbo).wait()
with lock:
if not result:
print (ip, "active")
else:
pass
def threader():
while True:
worker=q.get()
check(worker)
q.task_done()
q=Queue()
for x in range(255):
t=threading.Thread(target=threader)
t.daemon=True
t.start()
for worker in range(1,255):
q.put(worker)
q.join()
print("Process completed in: ",time.time()-_start)
我认为这会更好。