Question

我编写了一个使用TSQLConnection的GetTableNames和GetFieldNames方法显示数据库结构的工具。如何获取每个字段名称的类型类似于以下列表（这是构建表所需的DDL的一部分）？

TABLE: ARTICLES
ID INTEGER NOT NULL
PRINTED SMALLINT DEFAULT 0
ACADEMIC SMALLINT
RELEVANCE SMALLINT
SOURCE VARCHAR(64) CHARACTER SET WIN1251 COLLATE WIN1251
NAME VARCHAR(128) CHARACTER SET WIN1251 COLLATE WIN1251
FILENAME VARCHAR(128) CHARACTER SET WIN1251 COLLATE WIN1251
NOTES VARCHAR(2048) CHARACTER SET WIN1251 COLLATE WIN1251

Answer 1

这是不完整的（因为我从未使用过Firebird数组类型）并且没有经过多少测试，但它可能会给你一个很好的起点：

SELECT
  RF.RDB$FIELD_NAME FIELD_NAME,
  CASE F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE
    WHEN 7 THEN
      CASE F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
        WHEN 0 THEN 'SMALLINT'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'NUMERIC(' || F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION || ', ' || (-F.RDB$FIELD_SCALE) || ')'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'DECIMAL'
      END
    WHEN 8 THEN
      CASE F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
        WHEN 0 THEN 'INTEGER'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'NUMERIC('  || F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION || ', ' || (-F.RDB$FIELD_SCALE) || ')'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'DECIMAL'
      END
    WHEN 9 THEN 'QUAD'
    WHEN 10 THEN 'FLOAT'
    WHEN 12 THEN 'DATE'
    WHEN 13 THEN 'TIME'
    WHEN 14 THEN 'CHAR(' || (TRUNC(F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH / CH.RDB$BYTES_PER_CHARACTER)) || ') '
    WHEN 16 THEN
      CASE F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
        WHEN 0 THEN 'BIGINT'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'NUMERIC(' || F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION || ', ' || (-F.RDB$FIELD_SCALE) || ')'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'DECIMAL'
      END
    WHEN 27 THEN 'DOUBLE'
    WHEN 35 THEN 'TIMESTAMP'
    WHEN 37 THEN 'VARCHAR(' || (TRUNC(F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH / CH.RDB$BYTES_PER_CHARACTER)) || ')'
    WHEN 40 THEN 'CSTRING' || (TRUNC(F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH / CH.RDB$BYTES_PER_CHARACTER)) || ')'
    WHEN 45 THEN 'BLOB_ID'
    WHEN 261 THEN 'BLOB SUB_TYPE ' || F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
    ELSE 'RDB$FIELD_TYPE: ' || F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE || '?'
  END FIELD_TYPE,
  IIF(COALESCE(RF.RDB$NULL_FLAG, 0) = 0, NULL, 'NOT NULL') FIELD_NULL,
  CH.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_NAME FIELD_CHARSET,
  DCO.RDB$COLLATION_NAME FIELD_COLLATION,
  COALESCE(RF.RDB$DEFAULT_SOURCE, F.RDB$DEFAULT_SOURCE) FIELD_DEFAULT,
  F.RDB$VALIDATION_SOURCE FIELD_CHECK,
  RF.RDB$DESCRIPTION FIELD_DESCRIPTION
FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS RF
JOIN RDB$FIELDS F ON (F.RDB$FIELD_NAME = RF.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE)
LEFT OUTER JOIN RDB$CHARACTER_SETS CH ON (CH.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID = F.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID)
LEFT OUTER JOIN RDB$COLLATIONS DCO ON ((DCO.RDB$COLLATION_ID = F.RDB$COLLATION_ID) AND (DCO.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID = F.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID))
WHERE (RF.RDB$RELATION_NAME = :TABLE_NAME) AND (COALESCE(RF.RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG, 0) = 0)
ORDER BY RF.RDB$FIELD_POSITION;

Answer 2

使用直接访问RDB $表。例如：

SELECT * FROM rdb$relations

将为您提供数据库中所有表的列表。

SELECT
  *
FROM
  rdb$relation_fields rf JOIN rdb$fields f
    ON f.rdb$field_name = rf.rdb$field_source
WHERE
  rf.rdb$relation_name = :RN

将生成给定表的所有字段的列表与字段类型的信息。 Param RN是表格的名称。

使用RDB $表中的信息，可以轻松构建DDL 声明。下面的查询为您提供了如何操作的提示：

SELECT
  TRIM(rf.rdb$field_name) || ' ' ||
  IIF(rdb$field_source LIKE 'RDB$%',
  DECODE(f.rdb$field_type, 
    8,  'INTEGER', 
    12, 'DATE', 
    37, 'VARCHAR', 
    14, 'CHAR', 
    7,  'SMALLINT'),
  TRIM(rdb$field_source)) ||
  IIF((rdb$field_source LIKE 'RDB$%') AND (f.rdb$field_type IN (37, 14)),
    '(' || f.rdb$field_length || ')',
    '') ||
  IIF((f.rdb$null_flag = 1) OR (rf.rdb$null_flag = 1), 
    ' NOT NULL', '')
FROM
  rdb$relation_fields rf JOIN rdb$fields f
    ON f.rdb$field_name = rf.rdb$field_source
WHERE
  rf.rdb$relation_name = '<put_your_table_name_here>'

Answer 3

使用TLama提供的链接，我找到了自己的解决方案，这与上述解决方案有些类似，但更简单。

SELECT R.RDB$FIELD_NAME AS field_name,
CASE F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE
 WHEN 7 THEN 'SMALLINT'
 WHEN 8 THEN 'INTEGER'
 WHEN 9 THEN 'QUAD'
 WHEN 10 THEN 'FLOAT'
 WHEN 11 THEN 'D_FLOAT'
 WHEN 12 THEN 'DATE'
 WHEN 13 THEN 'TIME'     
 WHEN 14 THEN 'CHAR'
 WHEN 16 THEN 'INT64'
 WHEN 27 THEN 'DOUBLE'
 WHEN 35 THEN 'TIMESTAMP'
 WHEN 37 THEN 'VARCHAR'
 WHEN 40 THEN 'CSTRING'
 WHEN 261 THEN 'BLOB'
 ELSE 'UNKNOWN'
END AS field_type,
F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH AS field_length,
CSET.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS field_charset
FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS R
LEFT JOIN RDB$FIELDS F ON R.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE = F.RDB$FIELD_NAME
LEFT JOIN RDB$CHARACTER_SETS CSET ON F.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID = CSET.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID
WHERE R.RDB$RELATION_NAME= :p1
ORDER BY R.RDB$FIELD_POSITION

p1是表名，它作为参数传递给查询。

在上下文中，我有一个树视图，它的节点是给定数据库的表名;对于每个节点，子节点是字段及其定义。

 sqlcon.GetTableNames (dbTables);    // sqlcon is the TSQLConnection
 tv.items.Clear;
 for i:= 1 to dbTables.count do
  begin
   node:= tv.items.Add (nil, dbTables[i - 1]);
   with qFields do                   // the above query
    begin
     params[0].asstring:= dbTables[i - 1];
     open;
     while not eof do
      begin
       tv.items.addchild (node, trim (fieldbyname ('field_name').asstring) + ', ' +
                                trim (fieldbyname ('field_type').asstring) + ', ' +
                                fieldbyname ('field_length').asstring + ', ' +
                                fieldbyname ('field_charset').asstring);
       next
      end;
     close
    end
  end;

以下是该计划的截图。我意识到格式与我引用的DDL不同，但很明显每个字段的含义（至少对我而言，这是一个供我私人使用的程序）。

enter image description here

Answer 4

我对第一个支持按字段计算的选项进行了一些更改，添加了字段位置并制作了一个视图，以便更轻松。

CREATE VIEW TABLES (
  TABLE_NAME,
  FIELD_NAME,
  FIELD_POSITION,
  FIELD_TYPE,
  FIELD_NULL,
  FIELD_CHARSET,
  FIELD_COLLATION,
  FIELD_DEFAULT,
  FIELD_CHECK,
  FIELD_DESCRIPTION
)
AS
SELECT
  RF.RDB$RELATION_NAME,
  RF.RDB$FIELD_NAME FIELD_NAME,
  RF.RDB$FIELD_POSITION FIELD_POSITION,
  CASE F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE
    WHEN 7 THEN
      CASE F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
        WHEN 0 THEN 'SMALLINT'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'NUMERIC(' || F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION || ', ' || (-F.RDB$FIELD_SCALE) || ')'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'DECIMAL'
      END
    WHEN 8 THEN
      CASE F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
        WHEN 0 THEN 'INTEGER'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'NUMERIC('  || F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION || ', ' || (-F.RDB$FIELD_SCALE) || ')'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'DECIMAL'
      END
    WHEN 9 THEN 'QUAD'
    WHEN 10 THEN 'FLOAT'
    WHEN 12 THEN 'DATE'
    WHEN 13 THEN 'TIME'
    WHEN 14 THEN 'CHAR(' || (TRUNC(F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH / CH.RDB$BYTES_PER_CHARACTER)) || ') '
    WHEN 16 THEN
      CASE F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
        WHEN 0 THEN 'BIGINT'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'NUMERIC(' || F.RDB$FIELD_PRECISION || ', ' || (-F.RDB$FIELD_SCALE) || ')'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'DECIMAL'
      END
    WHEN 27 THEN 'DOUBLE'
    WHEN 35 THEN 'TIMESTAMP'
    WHEN 37 THEN
     IIF (COALESCE(f.RDB$COMPUTED_SOURCE,'')<>'',
      'COMPUTED BY ' || CAST(f.RDB$COMPUTED_SOURCE AS VARCHAR(250)),
      'VARCHAR(' || (TRUNC(F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH / CH.RDB$BYTES_PER_CHARACTER)) || ')')
    WHEN 40 THEN 'CSTRING' || (TRUNC(F.RDB$FIELD_LENGTH / CH.RDB$BYTES_PER_CHARACTER)) || ')'
    WHEN 45 THEN 'BLOB_ID'
    WHEN 261 THEN 'BLOB SUB_TYPE ' || F.RDB$FIELD_SUB_TYPE
    ELSE 'RDB$FIELD_TYPE: ' || F.RDB$FIELD_TYPE || '?'
  END FIELD_TYPE,
  IIF(COALESCE(RF.RDB$NULL_FLAG, 0) = 0, NULL, 'NOT NULL') FIELD_NULL,
  CH.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_NAME FIELD_CHARSET,
  DCO.RDB$COLLATION_NAME FIELD_COLLATION,
  COALESCE(RF.RDB$DEFAULT_SOURCE, F.RDB$DEFAULT_SOURCE) FIELD_DEFAULT,
  F.RDB$VALIDATION_SOURCE FIELD_CHECK,
  RF.RDB$DESCRIPTION FIELD_DESCRIPTION
FROM RDB$RELATION_FIELDS RF
JOIN RDB$FIELDS F ON (F.RDB$FIELD_NAME = RF.RDB$FIELD_SOURCE)
LEFT OUTER JOIN RDB$CHARACTER_SETS CH ON (CH.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID = F.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID)
LEFT OUTER JOIN RDB$COLLATIONS DCO ON ((DCO.RDB$COLLATION_ID = F.RDB$COLLATION_ID) AND (DCO.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID = F.RDB$CHARACTER_SET_ID))
WHERE (COALESCE(RF.RDB$SYSTEM_FLAG, 0) = 0)
ORDER BY RF.RDB$FIELD_POSITION
;

如何使用dbExpress从Firebird获取表描述（字段和类型）

4 个答案: