Question

有人知道为给定字符串生成唯一8位或9位数字的算法吗？如果不是那么至少算法，那么最好有一个php示例。

Answer 1

您可以使用crc32()并返回len。

<?php 
function crc_string($str, $len){
    return substr(sprintf("%u", crc32($str)),0,$len);
}
echo crc_string('some_string', 8);//65585849
?>

修改

根据我的回答进行碰撞/可靠性测试后，你可能会遇到长度为8的碰撞，可能会略微减少为9，然后甚至更少等于10等。在我的测试中，我测试了从0到100k的递增值，并且有26次碰撞，第一次发生了36k。

<?php 
set_time_limit(0);
header('Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
$time_start = microtime(true);

function crc_string($str, $len){
    return substr(sprintf("%u", crc32($str)),0,$len);
}

echo 'Started, please wait...<br />';
$record = array();
$collisions = 0;
for($i=0; $i<100000;$i++){

    $new = crc_string($i, 8);
    if(in_array($new,$record)){
        $match = array_search($new,$record);
        $took_time = microtime(true) - $time_start;
        echo($new.' has collided for iteration '.$i.' matching against a previous iteration ('.$match.') '.$record[$match]).' (Process time: '.round($took_time,2).'seconds)<br />';
        $collisions++;
    }else{
        $record[]=$new;
    }

    ob_flush();
    flush();
}
echo 'Successfully iterated 100k incrementing values and '.$collisions.' collisions occurred; total processing time: '.round((microtime(true) - $time_start),2).'seconds.';
?>

测试结果：

Started, please wait...
38862356 has collided for iteration 36084 matching against a previous iteration (8961) 38862356 (Process time: 165.47seconds)
18911887 has collided for iteration 36887 matching against a previous iteration (8162) 18911887 (Process time: 172.79seconds)
37462269 has collided for iteration 38245 matching against a previous iteration (33214) 37462269 (Process time: 185.81seconds)
20153794 has collided for iteration 38966 matching against a previous iteration (6083) 20153794 (Process time: 192.87seconds)
41429622 has collided for iteration 40329 matching against a previous iteration (24999) 41429622 (Process time: 206.41seconds)
20784356 has collided for iteration 48908 matching against a previous iteration (27095) 20784356 (Process time: 302.75seconds)
39932561 has collided for iteration 51926 matching against a previous iteration (12367) 39932561 (Process time: 340.88seconds)
14372225 has collided for iteration 53032 matching against a previous iteration (13211) 14372225 (Process time: 355.46seconds)
16636457 has collided for iteration 55490 matching against a previous iteration (39250) 16636457 (Process time: 389.44seconds)
23059743 has collided for iteration 63126 matching against a previous iteration (39808) 23059743 (Process time: 504.1seconds)
13627299 has collided for iteration 63877 matching against a previous iteration (21973) 13627299 (Process time: 516.08seconds)
24647738 has collided for iteration 63973 matching against a previous iteration (47328) 24647738 (Process time: 517.62seconds)
14471815 has collided for iteration 71118 matching against a previous iteration (37805) 14471815 (Process time: 641.93seconds)
13253269 has collided for iteration 73602 matching against a previous iteration (33064) 13253269 (Process time: 687.53seconds)
10732050 has collided for iteration 73706 matching against a previous iteration (9197) 10732050 (Process time: 689.44seconds)
18919349 has collided for iteration 80358 matching against a previous iteration (73190) 18919349 (Process time: 819.89seconds)
40795042 has collided for iteration 81875 matching against a previous iteration (31127) 40795042 (Process time: 851.3seconds)
14609922 has collided for iteration 82498 matching against a previous iteration (17366) 14609922 (Process time: 864.29seconds)
20425272 has collided for iteration 83914 matching against a previous iteration (9858) 20425272 (Process time: 894.32seconds)
24790147 has collided for iteration 84519 matching against a previous iteration (9754) 24790147 (Process time: 907.34seconds)
35605337 has collided for iteration 91434 matching against a previous iteration (36127) 35605337 (Process time: 1060.5seconds)
30935494 has collided for iteration 91857 matching against a previous iteration (91704) 30935494 (Process time: 1070.17seconds)
28520037 has collided for iteration 92929 matching against a previous iteration (28847) 28520037 (Process time: 1095.53seconds)
31109474 has collided for iteration 95584 matching against a previous iteration (30349) 31109474 (Process time: 1159.36seconds)
40842617 has collided for iteration 97330 matching against a previous iteration (13609) 40842617 (Process time: 1203.19seconds)
20309913 has collided for iteration 99224 matching against a previous iteration (94210) 20309913 (Process time: 1250.54seconds)
Successfully iterated 100k incrementing values and 26 collisions occurred; total processing time: 1269.98seconds.

结论是，除非您在自动递增值上执行1比1增量，否则在填充用户表时，始终会获得相同字节长度的冲突以及更多冲突：

echo sprintf("%08d",'1');//00000001
echo sprintf("%08d",'2');//00000002
...                      //99999999

你可以通过向碰撞的值添加另一个字节来解决这个问题，或者包含a-z范围，例如md5（）/ sha（）哈希函数，这会破坏对象; p

祝你好运

Answer 2

会发生碰撞，是的，但是既然你没有说明为什么需要这个，那就认为碰撞并不重要。

您可以获取字符串的md5哈希值（以十六进制表示）并将其转换为我们的数字系统并将其截断为所需的数字。

这可能对您有所帮助： php: number only hash?

Answer 3

有10^9个唯一的9位数字，而每个长度都有256^length个字符串（假设为ascii字符串）。

因此，从pigeonhole principle - 对于长度为4+的字符串，您无法获得唯一数字。（必须发生碰撞）

作为替代方案 - 您可能会查看传统的hash functions（会发生碰撞）或使用无界数字。

Answer 4

正如已经指出的，如果数字的位数少于您想要关联的字符串，则“唯一性”是不可能的。

您正在寻找的是一个很好的哈希函数。

查看MD6 algorithm。它具有最多512位的可自定义摘要长度，因此您可以创建具有8-9个十进制数字的摘要。我不知道任何PHP实现，原始实现语言是C。

获取给定字符串的唯一8位数字

4 个答案:

修改