在Delphi控制台应用程序中使用VCL TTimer

时间:2012-08-19 13:45:53

标签: delphi timer event-handling console

正如问题主题所说。我在Delphi中有一个控制台应用程序,它包含一个TTimer变量。我想要做的是为TTimer.OnTimer事件分配一个事件处理程序。我是Delphi的新手,我以前使用C#并且事件处理程序添加到事件是完全不同的。我发现一个人并不是简单地将一个过程作为一个处理程序分配给事件,你必须创建一个带有一个方法的虚拟类,该方法将成为处理程序,然后将此方法分配给该事件。这是我目前的代码:

program TimerTest;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils,
  extctrls;

type
  TEventHandlers = class
    procedure OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
  end;

var
  Timer : TTimer;
  EventHandlers : TEventHandlers;


procedure TEventHandlers.OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
begin
  writeln('Hello from TimerTick event');
end;

var
  dummy:string;
begin
  EventHandlers := TEventHandlers.Create();
  Timer := TTimer.Create(nil);
  Timer.Enabled := false;
  Timer.Interval := 1000;
  Timer.OnTimer := EventHandlers.OnTimerTick;
  Timer.Enabled := true;
  readln(dummy);
end.

对我来说似乎是正确的,但由于某种原因它不起作用。

修改
似乎TTimer组件不起作用,因为控制台应用程序没有消息循环。有没有办法在我的应用程序中创建计时器?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:19)

您的代码不起作用,因为TTimer组件内部使用WM_TIMER消息处理,而控制台应用程序没有消息循环。为了使你的代码工作,你应该自己创建一个消息循环:

program TimerTest;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

uses
  SysUtils, Windows,
  extctrls;

type
  TEventHandlers = class
    procedure OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
  end;

var
  Timer : TTimer;
  EventHandlers : TEventHandlers;


procedure TEventHandlers.OnTimerTick(Sender : TObject);
begin
  writeln('Hello from TimerTick event');
end;

procedure MsgPump;
var
  Unicode: Boolean;
  Msg: TMsg;

begin
  while GetMessage(Msg, 0, 0, 0) do begin
    Unicode := (Msg.hwnd = 0) or IsWindowUnicode(Msg.hwnd);
    TranslateMessage(Msg);
    if Unicode then
      DispatchMessageW(Msg)
    else
      DispatchMessageA(Msg);
  end;
end;

begin
  EventHandlers := TEventHandlers.Create();
  Timer := TTimer.Create(nil);
  Timer.Enabled := false;
  Timer.Interval := 1000;
  Timer.OnTimer := EventHandlers.OnTimerTick;
  Timer.Enabled := true;
  MsgPump;
end.

答案 1 :(得分:17)

正如其他人所提到的,控制台应用程序没有消息泵。

这是一个TConsoleTimer线程类,它模仿TTimer类。主要区别在于事件中的代码在TConsoleTimer线程中执行。

<强>更新

在这篇文章的最后是一种在主线程中调用此事件的方法。

unit ConsoleTimer;

interface

uses
  Windows, Classes, SyncObjs, Diagnostics;

type
  TConsoleTimer = Class(TThread)
  private
    FCancelFlag: TSimpleEvent;
    FTimerEnabledFlag: TSimpleEvent;
    FTimerProc: TNotifyEvent; // method to call
    FInterval: integer;
    procedure SetEnabled(doEnable: boolean);
    function GetEnabled: boolean;
    procedure SetInterval(interval: integer);
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  public
    Constructor Create;
    Destructor Destroy; override;
    property Enabled : boolean read GetEnabled write SetEnabled;
    property Interval: integer read FInterval write SetInterval;
    // Note: OnTimerEvent is executed in TConsoleTimer thread
    property OnTimerEvent: TNotifyEvent read FTimerProc write FTimerProc;
  end;

implementation

constructor TConsoleTimer.Create;
begin
  inherited Create(false);
  FTimerEnabledFlag := TSimpleEvent.Create;
  FCancelFlag := TSimpleEvent.Create;
  FTimerProc := nil;
  FInterval := 1000;
  Self.FreeOnTerminate := false; // Main thread controls for thread destruction
end;

destructor TConsoleTimer.Destroy; // Call TConsoleTimer.Free to cancel the thread
begin
  Terminate; 
  FTimerEnabledFlag.ResetEvent; // Stop timer event
  FCancelFlag.SetEvent; // Set cancel flag
  Waitfor; // Synchronize
  FCancelFlag.Free;
  FTimerEnabledFlag.Free;
  inherited;
end;

procedure TConsoleTimer.SetEnabled(doEnable: boolean);
begin
  if doEnable then
    FTimerEnabledFlag.SetEvent
  else
    FTimerEnabledFlag.ResetEvent;
end;

procedure TConsoleTimer.SetInterval(interval: integer);
begin
  FInterval := interval;
end;

procedure TConsoleTimer.Execute;
var
  waitList: array [0 .. 1] of THandle;
  waitInterval,lastProcTime: Int64;
  sw: TStopWatch;
begin
  sw.Create;
  waitList[0] := FTimerEnabledFlag.Handle;
  waitList[1] := FCancelFlag.Handle;
  lastProcTime := 0;
  while not Terminated do
  begin
    if (WaitForMultipleObjects(2, @waitList[0], false, INFINITE) <>
      WAIT_OBJECT_0) then
      break; // Terminate thread when FCancelFlag is signaled
    if Assigned(FTimerProc) then
    begin
      waitInterval := FInterval - lastProcTime;
      if (waitInterval < 0) then
        waitInterval := 0;
      if WaitForSingleObject(FCancelFlag.Handle,waitInterval) <> WAIT_TIMEOUT then
        break;

      if WaitForSingleObject(FTimerEnabledFlag.Handle, 0) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
      begin
        sw.Start;
        FTimerProc(Self);
        sw.Stop;
        // Interval adjusted for FTimerProc execution time
        lastProcTime := sw.ElapsedMilliSeconds;
      end;
    end;
  end;
end;

function TConsoleTimer.GetEnabled: boolean;
begin
  Result := (FTimerEnabledFlag.Waitfor(0) = wrSignaled);
end;

end.

测试:

program TestConsoleTimer;

{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}

{$R *.res}

uses
  System.SysUtils,ConsoleTimer;

type
  TMyTest = class
    procedure MyTimerProc(Sender: TObject);
  end;

procedure TMyTest.MyTimerProc(Sender: TObject);
begin
  // Code executed in TConsoleTimer thread !
  WriteLn('Timer event');
end;

var
  MyTest: TMyTest;
  MyTimer: TConsoleTimer;
begin
  MyTest := TMyTest.Create;
  try
    MyTimer := TConsoleTimer.Create;
    MyTimer.Interval := 1000;
    MyTimer.OnTimerEvent := MyTest.MyTimerProc;
    WriteLn('Press [Enter] key to end.');
    MyTimer.Enabled := true;
    ReadLn;
    MyTimer.Free;
  finally
    MyTest.Free;
    WriteLn('End.');
  end;
end.

如上所述,如何在主线程中执行事件?

阅读Delphi 7: Handling events in console application (TidIRC)给出答案。

TConsoleTimer中添加方法:

procedure TConsoleTimer.SwapToMainThread;
begin
  FTimerProc(Self);
end;

并将Execute方法中的调用更改为:

Synchronize(SwapToMainThread);

要抽取同步调用,请在“类单位”中使用CheckSynchronize()函数:

while not KeyPressed do CheckSynchronize(); // Pump the synchronize queue

注意:可以在此处找到控制台KeyPressed功能:How i can implement a IsKeyPressed function in a delphi console application?

答案 2 :(得分:5)

控制台应用程序没有消息泵,但确实有线程。如果你创建一个完成工作的线程并在工作完成后等待下一秒,你应该得到你想要的结果。阅读有关TThread的文档如何创建专用线程。但是,从线程获取数据并不简单。这就是为什么有很多替代原因的原因。 TThread有助于此,如OmniThreadLibrary。