我想截断一些文本(从数据库或文本文件加载),但它包含HTML,因此包含标记并返回较少的文本。这可能导致标签未被关闭或部分关闭(因此整洁可能无法正常工作且内容仍然较少)。如何根据文本进行截断(当你到达某个表时可能会停止,因为这可能会导致更复杂的问题)。
substr("Hello, my <strong>name</strong> is <em>Sam</em>. I´m a web developer.",0,26)."..."
会导致:
Hello, my <strong>name</st...
我想要的是:
Hello, my <strong>name</strong> is <em>Sam</em>. I´m...
我该怎么做?
虽然我的问题是如何在PHP中做到这一点,但知道如何在C#中做到这一点会很好...或者应该没问题,因为我认为我可以移植方法(除非它是内置方法)。
另请注意,我已经包含了一个HTML实体´
- 必须将其视为单个字符(而不是本示例中的7个字符)。
strip_tags
是一个后备,但我会丢失格式和链接,它仍然会遇到HTML实体的问题。
答案 0 :(得分:46)
假设您使用的是有效的XHTML,则解析HTML并确保正确处理标记很简单。您只需跟踪到目前为止已打开的标签,并确保在“出路”时再次关闭它们。
<?php
header('Content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8');
function printTruncated($maxLength, $html, $isUtf8=true)
{
$printedLength = 0;
$position = 0;
$tags = array();
// For UTF-8, we need to count multibyte sequences as one character.
$re = $isUtf8
? '{</?([a-z]+)[^>]*>|&#?[a-zA-Z0-9]+;|[\x80-\xFF][\x80-\xBF]*}'
: '{</?([a-z]+)[^>]*>|&#?[a-zA-Z0-9]+;}';
while ($printedLength < $maxLength && preg_match($re, $html, $match, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $position))
{
list($tag, $tagPosition) = $match[0];
// Print text leading up to the tag.
$str = substr($html, $position, $tagPosition - $position);
if ($printedLength + strlen($str) > $maxLength)
{
print(substr($str, 0, $maxLength - $printedLength));
$printedLength = $maxLength;
break;
}
print($str);
$printedLength += strlen($str);
if ($printedLength >= $maxLength) break;
if ($tag[0] == '&' || ord($tag) >= 0x80)
{
// Pass the entity or UTF-8 multibyte sequence through unchanged.
print($tag);
$printedLength++;
}
else
{
// Handle the tag.
$tagName = $match[1][0];
if ($tag[1] == '/')
{
// This is a closing tag.
$openingTag = array_pop($tags);
assert($openingTag == $tagName); // check that tags are properly nested.
print($tag);
}
else if ($tag[strlen($tag) - 2] == '/')
{
// Self-closing tag.
print($tag);
}
else
{
// Opening tag.
print($tag);
$tags[] = $tagName;
}
}
// Continue after the tag.
$position = $tagPosition + strlen($tag);
}
// Print any remaining text.
if ($printedLength < $maxLength && $position < strlen($html))
print(substr($html, $position, $maxLength - $printedLength));
// Close any open tags.
while (!empty($tags))
printf('</%s>', array_pop($tags));
}
printTruncated(10, '<b><Hello></b> <img src="world.png" alt="" /> world!'); print("\n");
printTruncated(10, '<table><tr><td>Heck, </td><td>throw</td></tr><tr><td>in a</td><td>table</td></tr></table>'); print("\n");
printTruncated(10, "<em><b>Hello</b>w\xC3\xB8rld!</em>"); print("\n");
编码注释:上面的代码假设XHTML是UTF-8编码的。还支持ASCII兼容的单字节编码(例如Latin-1),只需传递false
作为第三个参数。不支持其他多字节编码,但在调用函数之前使用mb_convert_encoding
转换为UTF-8,然后在每个print
语句中再次转换回来可能会支持。
(你应该总是使用UTF-8。)
编辑:已更新以处理字符实体和UTF-8。修复了如果该字符是字符实体,函数将打印一个字符太多的错误。
答案 1 :(得分:5)
我已经编写了一个按照你的建议截断HTML的函数,但不是将其打印出来,而是将它全部保存在字符串变量中。处理HTML实体。
/**
* function to truncate and then clean up end of the HTML,
* truncates by counting characters outside of HTML tags
*
* @author alex lockwood, alex dot lockwood at websightdesign
*
* @param string $str the string to truncate
* @param int $len the number of characters
* @param string $end the end string for truncation
* @return string $truncated_html
*
* **/
public static function truncateHTML($str, $len, $end = '…'){
//find all tags
$tagPattern = '/(<\/?)([\w]*)(\s*[^>]*)>?|&[\w#]+;/i'; //match html tags and entities
preg_match_all($tagPattern, $str, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE | PREG_SET_ORDER );
//WSDDebug::dump($matches); exit;
$i =0;
//loop through each found tag that is within the $len, add those characters to the len,
//also track open and closed tags
// $matches[$i][0] = the whole tag string --the only applicable field for html enitities
// IF its not matching an &htmlentity; the following apply
// $matches[$i][1] = the start of the tag either '<' or '</'
// $matches[$i][2] = the tag name
// $matches[$i][3] = the end of the tag
//$matces[$i][$j][0] = the string
//$matces[$i][$j][1] = the str offest
while($matches[$i][0][1] < $len && !empty($matches[$i])){
$len = $len + strlen($matches[$i][0][0]);
if(substr($matches[$i][0][0],0,1) == '&' )
$len = $len-1;
//if $matches[$i][2] is undefined then its an html entity, want to ignore those for tag counting
//ignore empty/singleton tags for tag counting
if(!empty($matches[$i][2][0]) && !in_array($matches[$i][2][0],array('br','img','hr', 'input', 'param', 'link'))){
//double check
if(substr($matches[$i][3][0],-1) !='/' && substr($matches[$i][1][0],-1) !='/')
$openTags[] = $matches[$i][2][0];
elseif(end($openTags) == $matches[$i][2][0]){
array_pop($openTags);
}else{
$warnings[] = "html has some tags mismatched in it: $str";
}
}
$i++;
}
$closeTags = '';
if (!empty($openTags)){
$openTags = array_reverse($openTags);
foreach ($openTags as $t){
$closeTagString .="</".$t . ">";
}
}
if(strlen($str)>$len){
// Finds the last space from the string new length
$lastWord = strpos($str, ' ', $len);
if ($lastWord) {
//truncate with new len last word
$str = substr($str, 0, $lastWord);
//finds last character
$last_character = (substr($str, -1, 1));
//add the end text
$truncated_html = ($last_character == '.' ? $str : ($last_character == ',' ? substr($str, 0, -1) : $str) . $end);
}
//restore any open tags
$truncated_html .= $closeTagString;
}else
$truncated_html = $str;
return $truncated_html;
}
答案 2 :(得分:4)
100%准确,但相当困难的方法:
简单的蛮力方法:
preg_split('/(<tag>)/')
将字符串拆分为标记(不是元素)和文本片段。html_entity_decode()
来帮助准确测量)&[^\s;]+$
以摆脱可能被切碎的实体)答案 3 :(得分:4)
我在http://alanwhipple.com/2011/05/25/php-truncate-string-preserving-html-tags-words使用了一个很好的函数,显然取自CakePHP
答案 4 :(得分:2)
以下是一个简单的状态机解析器,它可以成功处理测试用例。我在嵌套标签上失败,因为它不跟踪标签本身。我还对HTML标记中的实体(例如href
- <a>
- 标记的属性)进行了扼流。所以它不能被认为是这个问题的100%解决方案,但因为它很容易理解,它可能是更高级功能的基础。
function substr_html($string, $length)
{
$count = 0;
/*
* $state = 0 - normal text
* $state = 1 - in HTML tag
* $state = 2 - in HTML entity
*/
$state = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++) {
$char = $string[$i];
if ($char == '<') {
$state = 1;
} else if ($char == '&') {
$state = 2;
$count++;
} else if ($char == ';') {
$state = 0;
} else if ($char == '>') {
$state = 0;
} else if ($state === 0) {
$count++;
}
if ($count === $length) {
return substr($string, 0, $i + 1);
}
}
return $string;
}
答案 5 :(得分:2)
在这种情况下可以使用一个令人讨厌的正则表达式hack的DomDocument,如果标签出现损坏,最糟糕的情况就是警告:
$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadHTML(substr("Hello, my <strong>name</strong> is <em>Sam</em>. I´m a web developer.",0,26));
$html = preg_replace("/\<\/?(body|html|p)>/", "", $dom->saveHTML());
echo $html;
应该输出:Hello, my <strong>**name**</strong>
。
答案 6 :(得分:2)
我对SørenLøvborgprintTruncated
功能进行了轻微修改,使其与UTF-8兼容:
/* Truncate HTML, close opened tags
*
* @param int, maxlength of the string
* @param string, html
* @return $html
*/
function html_truncate($maxLength, $html){
mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");
$printedLength = 0;
$position = 0;
$tags = array();
ob_start();
while ($printedLength < $maxLength && preg_match('{</?([a-z]+)[^>]*>|&#?[a-zA-Z0-9]+;}', $html, $match, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $position)){
list($tag, $tagPosition) = $match[0];
// Print text leading up to the tag.
$str = mb_strcut($html, $position, $tagPosition - $position);
if ($printedLength + mb_strlen($str) > $maxLength){
print(mb_strcut($str, 0, $maxLength - $printedLength));
$printedLength = $maxLength;
break;
}
print($str);
$printedLength += mb_strlen($str);
if ($tag[0] == '&'){
// Handle the entity.
print($tag);
$printedLength++;
}
else{
// Handle the tag.
$tagName = $match[1][0];
if ($tag[1] == '/'){
// This is a closing tag.
$openingTag = array_pop($tags);
assert($openingTag == $tagName); // check that tags are properly nested.
print($tag);
}
else if ($tag[mb_strlen($tag) - 2] == '/'){
// Self-closing tag.
print($tag);
}
else{
// Opening tag.
print($tag);
$tags[] = $tagName;
}
}
// Continue after the tag.
$position = $tagPosition + mb_strlen($tag);
}
// Print any remaining text.
if ($printedLength < $maxLength && $position < mb_strlen($html))
print(mb_strcut($html, $position, $maxLength - $printedLength));
// Close any open tags.
while (!empty($tags))
printf('</%s>', array_pop($tags));
$bufferOuput = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
$html = $bufferOuput;
return $html;
}
答案 7 :(得分:2)
Bounce为SørenLøvborg的解决方案增加了多字节字符支持 - 我添加了:
<hr>
,<br>
<col>
等。请勿关闭 - 在HTML中,这些内容不需要'/'(在虽然是针对XHTML)),&hellips;
,即......),所有这些都在Pastie。
答案 8 :(得分:2)
SørenLøvborg的另一个亮点是更改了printTruncated函数,使UTF-8(需要mbstring)兼容并使其返回字符串而不是打印字符串。我认为它更有用。 而且我的代码不像Bounce变量那样使用缓冲,只是一个变量。
UPD:要使标签属性中的utf-8字符正常工作,您需要mb_preg_match函数,如下所示。
非常感谢SørenLøvborg的功能,非常好。
/* Truncate HTML, close opened tags
*
* @param int, maxlength of the string
* @param string, html
* @return $html
*/
function htmlTruncate($maxLength, $html)
{
mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");
$printedLength = 0;
$position = 0;
$tags = array();
$out = "";
while ($printedLength < $maxLength && mb_preg_match('{</?([a-z]+)[^>]*>|&#?[a-zA-Z0-9]+;}', $html, $match, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $position))
{
list($tag, $tagPosition) = $match[0];
// Print text leading up to the tag.
$str = mb_substr($html, $position, $tagPosition - $position);
if ($printedLength + mb_strlen($str) > $maxLength)
{
$out .= mb_substr($str, 0, $maxLength - $printedLength);
$printedLength = $maxLength;
break;
}
$out .= $str;
$printedLength += mb_strlen($str);
if ($tag[0] == '&')
{
// Handle the entity.
$out .= $tag;
$printedLength++;
}
else
{
// Handle the tag.
$tagName = $match[1][0];
if ($tag[1] == '/')
{
// This is a closing tag.
$openingTag = array_pop($tags);
assert($openingTag == $tagName); // check that tags are properly nested.
$out .= $tag;
}
else if ($tag[mb_strlen($tag) - 2] == '/')
{
// Self-closing tag.
$out .= $tag;
}
else
{
// Opening tag.
$out .= $tag;
$tags[] = $tagName;
}
}
// Continue after the tag.
$position = $tagPosition + mb_strlen($tag);
}
// Print any remaining text.
if ($printedLength < $maxLength && $position < mb_strlen($html))
$out .= mb_substr($html, $position, $maxLength - $printedLength);
// Close any open tags.
while (!empty($tags))
$out .= sprintf('</%s>', array_pop($tags));
return $out;
}
function mb_preg_match(
$ps_pattern,
$ps_subject,
&$pa_matches,
$pn_flags = 0,
$pn_offset = 0,
$ps_encoding = NULL
) {
// WARNING! - All this function does is to correct offsets, nothing else:
//(code is independent of PREG_PATTER_ORDER / PREG_SET_ORDER)
if (is_null($ps_encoding)) $ps_encoding = mb_internal_encoding();
$pn_offset = strlen(mb_substr($ps_subject, 0, $pn_offset, $ps_encoding));
$ret = preg_match($ps_pattern, $ps_subject, $pa_matches, $pn_flags, $pn_offset);
if ($ret && ($pn_flags & PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE))
foreach($pa_matches as &$ha_match) {
$ha_match[1] = mb_strlen(substr($ps_subject, 0, $ha_match[1]), $ps_encoding);
}
return $ret;
}
答案 9 :(得分:2)
您也可以使用tidy:
function truncate_html($html, $max_length) {
return tidy_repair_string(substr($html, 0, $max_length),
array('wrap' => 0, 'show-body-only' => TRUE), 'utf8');
}
答案 10 :(得分:2)
CakePHP框架在TextHelper中有一个支持HTML的truncate()函数,对我有用。见Core-Helpers/Text。麻省理工学院许可证。
答案 11 :(得分:0)
如果不使用验证器和解析器,这很难做到,原因是假设你有
<div id='x'>
<div id='y'>
<h1>Heading</h1>
500
lines
of
html
...
etc
...
</div>
</div>
您打算如何截断并最终获得有效的HTML?
经过简短的搜索,我找到了this link可能有所帮助。
答案 12 :(得分:0)
使用以下功能truncateHTML()
:
https://github.com/jlgrall/truncateHTML
示例:截断9个字符后包括省略号:
truncateHTML(9, "<p><b>A</b> red ball.</p>", ['wholeWord' => false]);
// => "<p><b>A</b> red ba…</p>"
功能:UTF-8,可配置省略号,包含/排除省略号长度,自动关闭标记,折叠空格,不可见元素(<head>
,<script>
,{ {1}},<noscript>
,<style>
),HTML <!-- comments -->
,截断最后一个字(带有截断非常长字的选项),PHP 5.6和7.0 +,240 +单位测试,返回一个字符串(不使用输出缓冲区),以及评论良好的代码。
我写了这个函数,因为我真的很喜欢Søren Løvborg上面的函数(特别是他管理编码的方式),但我需要更多的功能和灵活性。