我需要将Microsoft locale ID（例如1033（美国英语））翻译成ISO 639 language code或直接翻译成Java Locale实例。 （编辑：或者甚至简单地进入Microsoft表中的“语言 - 国家/地区”。）
这可能，最简单的方法是什么？当然，最好只使用JDK标准库，但如果不可能，则使用第三方库。
答案 0 :(得分：5)
当它开始看起来没有现成的Java解决方案来进行这种映射时，我们花了大约20分钟来推动我们自己的东西，至少目前是这样。
我们从马口获取信息，即http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964664.aspx，并将其（通过Excel）复制粘贴到.properties文件中，如下所示：
1078 = Afrikaans - South Africa
1052 = Albanian - Albania
1118 = Amharic - Ethiopia
1025 = Arabic - Saudi Arabia
5121 = Arabic - Algeria
...
（如果您有类似的需求，可以下载文件here。）
然后有一个非常简单的类，它将.properties文件中的信息读入地图，并有一个进行转换的方法。
Map<String, String> lcidToDescription;
public String getDescription(String lcid) { ... }
是的，这实际上并没有映射到语言代码或 Locale对象（这是我最初提出的问题），而是微软的“语言 - 国家/地区” “描述。事实证明，这足以满足我们当前的需求。
免责声明：这实际上是一种在Java中自行完成的简约“虚拟”方式，显然在您自己的代码库中保留（并维护）LCID映射信息的副本并不是很优雅。 （另一方面，我不想要包含一个巨大的库jar或者为这个简单的映射做任何过于复杂的事情。）所以尽管有这个答案，随时发布更优雅的解决方案或现有的库如果你知道那样的话。
答案 1 :(得分：5)
您可以使用GetLocaleInfo执行此操作（假设您在Windows上运行（win2k +））。
此C ++代码演示了如何使用该函数：
#include "windows.h"
int main()
{
HANDLE stdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == stdout) return 1;
LCID Locale = 0x0c01; //Arabic - Egypt
int nchars = GetLocaleInfoW(Locale, LOCALE_SISO639LANGNAME, NULL, 0);
wchar_t* LanguageCode = new wchar_t[nchars];
GetLocaleInfoW(Locale, LOCALE_SISO639LANGNAME, LanguageCode, nchars);
WriteConsoleW(stdout, LanguageCode, nchars, NULL, NULL);
delete[] LanguageCode;
return 0;
}
将此转换为JNA电话并不需要太多工作。 （提示：将常量作为整数发出以查找其值。）
示例JNA代码：
使用JNI需要更多一些，但是可以管理相对简单的任务。
至少，我会考虑使用本机调用来构建转换数据库。我不确定Windows是否有办法枚举LCID，但在.Net中肯定会出现问题。作为构建级别的东西，这不是一个巨大的负担。我想避免手动维护列表。
答案 2 :(得分：2)
以下代码将以编程方式在Microsoft LCID代码和Java Locales之间创建映射，从而更容易使映射保持最新：
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Gili Tzabari
*/
public final class Locales
{
/**
* Maps a Microsoft LCID to a Java Locale.
*/
private final Map<Integer, Locale> lcidToLocale = new HashMap<>(LcidToLocaleMapping.NUM_LOCALES);
public Locales()
{
// Try loading the mapping from cache
File file = new File("lcid-to-locale.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file))
{
properties.load(in);
for (Object key: properties.keySet())
{
String keyString = key.toString();
Integer lcid = Integer.parseInt(keyString);
String languageTag = properties.getProperty(keyString);
lcidToLocale.put(lcid, Locale.forLanguageTag(languageTag));
}
return;
}
catch (IOException unused)
{
// Cache does not exist or is invalid, regenerate...
lcidToLocale.clear();
}
LcidToLocaleMapping mapping;
try
{
mapping = new LcidToLocaleMapping();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// Unrecoverable runtime failure
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
for (Locale locale: Locale.getAvailableLocales())
{
if (locale == Locale.ROOT)
{
// Special case that doesn't map to a real locale
continue;
}
String language = locale.getDisplayLanguage(Locale.ENGLISH);
String country = locale.getDisplayCountry(Locale.ENGLISH);
country = mapping.getCountryAlias(country);
String script = locale.getDisplayScript();
for (Integer lcid: mapping.listLcidFor(language, country, script))
{
lcidToLocale.put(lcid, locale);
properties.put(lcid.toString(), locale.toLanguageTag());
}
}
// Cache the mapping
try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file))
{
properties.store(out, "LCID to Locale mapping");
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// Unrecoverable runtime failure
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
}
/**
* @param lcid a Microsoft LCID code
* @return a Java locale
* @see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc223140.aspx
*/
public Locale fromLcid(int lcid)
{
return lcidToLocale.get(lcid);
}
}
import com.google.common.collect.HashMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.SetMultimap;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.bitbucket.cowwoc.preconditions.Preconditions;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Generates a mapping between Microsoft LCIDs and Java Locales.
* <p>
* @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/32324060/14731
* @author Gili Tzabari
*/
final class LcidToLocaleMapping
{
private static final int NUM_COUNTRIES = 194;
private static final int NUM_LANGUAGES = 13;
private static final int NUM_SCRIPTS = 5;
/**
* The number of locales we are expecting. This value is only used for performance optimization.
*/
public static final int NUM_LOCALES = 238;
private static final List<String> EXPECTED_HEADERS = ImmutableList.of("lcid", "language", "location");
// [language] - [comment] ([script])
private static final Pattern languagePattern = Pattern.compile("^(.+?)(?: - (.*?))?(?: \\((.+)\\))?$");
/**
* Maps a country to a list of entries.
*/
private static final SetMultimap<String, Mapping> COUNTRY_TO_ENTRIES = HashMultimap.create(NUM_COUNTRIES,
NUM_LOCALES / NUM_COUNTRIES);
/**
* Maps a language to a list of entries.
*/
private static final SetMultimap<String, Mapping> LANGUAGE_TO_ENTRIES = HashMultimap.create(NUM_LANGUAGES,
NUM_LOCALES / NUM_LANGUAGES);
/**
* Maps a language script to a list of entries.
*/
private static final SetMultimap<String, Mapping> SCRIPT_TO_ENTRIES = HashMultimap.create(NUM_SCRIPTS,
NUM_LOCALES / NUM_SCRIPTS);
/**
* Maps a Locale country name to a LCID country name.
*/
private static final Map<String, String> countryAlias = ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder().
put("United Arab Emirates", "U.A.E.").
build();
/**
* A mapping between a country, language, script and LCID.
*/
private static final class Mapping
{
public final String country;
public final String language;
public final String script;
public final int lcid;
Mapping(String country, String language, String script, int lcid)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(country, "country").isNotNull();
Preconditions.requireThat(language, "language").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
Preconditions.requireThat(script, "script").isNotNull();
this.country = country;
this.language = language;
this.script = script;
this.lcid = lcid;
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return country.hashCode() + language.hashCode() + script.hashCode() + lcid;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj)
{
if (!(obj instanceof Locales))
return false;
Mapping other = (Mapping) obj;
return country.equals(other.country) && language.equals(other.language) && script.equals(other.script) &&
lcid == other.lcid;
}
}
private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LcidToLocaleMapping.class);
/**
* Creates a new LCID to Locale mapping.
* <p>
* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while reading the LCID table
*/
LcidToLocaleMapping() throws IOException
{
Document doc = Jsoup.connect("https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc223140.aspx").get();
Element mainBody = doc.getElementById("mainBody");
Elements elements = mainBody.select("table");
assert (elements.size() == 1): elements;
for (Element table: elements)
{
boolean firstRow = true;
for (Element row: table.select("tr"))
{
if (firstRow)
{
// Make sure that columns are ordered as expected
List<String> headers = new ArrayList<>(3);
Elements columns = row.select("th");
for (Element column: columns)
headers.add(column.text().toLowerCase());
assert (headers.equals(EXPECTED_HEADERS)): headers;
firstRow = false;
continue;
}
Elements columns = row.select("td");
assert (columns.size() == 3): columns;
Integer lcid = Integer.parseInt(columns.get(0).text(), 16);
Matcher languageMatcher = languagePattern.matcher(columns.get(1).text());
if (!languageMatcher.find())
throw new AssertionError();
String language = languageMatcher.group(1);
String script = languageMatcher.group(2);
if (script == null)
script = "";
String country = columns.get(2).text();
Mapping mapping = new Mapping(country, language, script, lcid);
COUNTRY_TO_ENTRIES.put(country, mapping);
LANGUAGE_TO_ENTRIES.put(language, mapping);
if (!script.isEmpty())
SCRIPT_TO_ENTRIES.put(script, mapping);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns the LCID codes associated with a [country, language, script] combination.
* <p>
* @param language a language
* @param country a country (empty string if any country should match)
* @param script a language script (empty string if any script should match)
* @return an empty list if no matches are found
* @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if language is empty
*/
public Collection<Integer> listLcidFor(String language, String country, String script)
throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException
{
Preconditions.requireThat(language, "language").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
Preconditions.requireThat(country, "country").isNotNull();
Preconditions.requireThat(script, "script").isNotNull();
Set<Mapping> result = LANGUAGE_TO_ENTRIES.get(language);
if (result == null)
{
log.warn("Language '" + language + "' had no corresponding LCID");
return Collections.emptyList();
}
if (!country.isEmpty())
{
Set<Mapping> entries = COUNTRY_TO_ENTRIES.get(country);
result = Sets.intersection(result, entries);
}
if (!script.isEmpty())
{
Set<Mapping> entries = SCRIPT_TO_ENTRIES.get(script);
result = Sets.intersection(result, entries);
}
return result.stream().map(entry -> entry.lcid).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
/**
* @param name the locale country name
* @return the LCID country name
*/
public String getCountryAlias(String name)
{
String result = countryAlias.get(name);
if (result == null)
return name;
return result;
}
}
Maven依赖项：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>18.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bitbucket.cowwoc</groupId>
<artifactId>preconditions</artifactId>
<version>1.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
<artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
<version>1.8.3</version>
</dependency>
用法：
System.out.println("Language: " + new Locales().fromLcid(1033).getDisplayLanguage());
将打印“语言：英语”。
意思是，LCID 1033映射到英语。
注意：这只生成运行时JVM上可用的语言环境的映射。这意味着，您只能获得所有可能的语言环境的子集。也就是说，我认为在技术上不可能实例化你的JVM不支持的Locales，所以这可能是我们能做的最好的......
答案 3 :(得分：0)
The was the first hit on google就是这个javadoc：
gnu.java.awt.font.opentype.NameDecoder
private static java.util.Locale getWindowsLocale（int lcid）
Maps a Windows LCID into a Java Locale. Parameters: lcid - the Windows language ID whose Java locale is to be retrieved. Returns: an suitable Locale, or null if the mapping cannot be performed.
我不确定下载这个库的位置，但它是GNU，所以它不应该太难找到。
答案 4 :(得分：0)
这是一个脚本，可粘贴到F12控制台中，并将当前273种语言的映射提取到其lcid（将在https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-lcid/a9eac961-e77d-41a6-90a5-ce1a8b0cdb9c上使用）：
// extract data from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-lcid/a9eac961-e77d-41a6-90a5-ce1a8b0cdb9c
const locales = {}, dataTable = document.querySelector('div.table-scroll-wrapper:nth-of-type(2)>table.protocol-table');
for (let i=1, l=dataTable.rows.length; i<l; i++) {
const row = dataTable.rows[i];
let locale = Number(row.cells[2].textContent.trim()); // hex to decimal
let name = row.cells[3].textContent.trim(); // cc-LL
if ((locale > 1024) && (name.indexOf('-') > 0)) // only cc-LL (languages, not countries)
locales[locale] = name;
}
console.table(locales); // 273 entries