在Scala中运行时有效类型转换covariant和contravariant类

时间:2012-08-05 11:09:47

标签: scala types covariance contravariance

我写了一个实现command design pattern的课程:

class MyCommand[-T, +R](val name: String, val execute: T => R)

,准备了两个命令并将其存储在MutableList中:

val commands = new mutable.MutableList[MyCommand[Nothing, Any]]
commands += new MyCommand[String, String]("lower", s => s.toLowerCase())
commands += new MyCommand[Date, Long]("time", d => d.getTime)

然后我要执行两个数据:

val data = Array("StRiNG", new Date())

对我来说问题是我不知道如何确定哪个数据适用于该命令:

data.foreach {
  d => commands.foreach {
    c =>
    // println(c.execute(d)) if d is applicable to c.execute().
  }
}

我尝试的是模式匹配与类型规范,但它产生语法错误:

c.execute match {
  case m: (d.getClass => Any) => println(c.execute(d))
}

帮助我:(

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我很确定有更好的方法来解决这个问题,但这可能适合你。我用Scala 2.9.2测试了它。

MyCommandManifest作为附加的隐式参数,这使我们可以访问在运行时表示execute函数的from-type的类:

class MyCommand[-T: Manifest, +R](val name: String, val execute: T => R) {
  val fromClass = manifest[T].erasure
}

命令列表与原始帖子基本相同,数据列表也是如此:

val commands = List(
  new MyCommand[String, String]("lower", _.toLowerCase()),
  new MyCommand[Date, Long]("time", _.getTime)
)

val data = List("StRiNG", new Date())

将数据与命令匹配依赖于所涉及类型的运行时表示形式,以及相当丑陋的演员表。演员阵容特别难看,因为它没有给出精确的返回类型,例如,如果您需要知道命令返回值的精确返回类型,则需要额外的匹配或强制转换。

data foreach { d =>
  commands foreach { c =>
    println("data: %s (%s), command takes: %s"
           .format(d, d.getClass.getSimpleName, c.fromClass.getSimpleName))

    if (d.getClass.isAssignableFrom(c.fromClass)) {
      println("    cmd(data) = " + c.execute.asInstanceOf[Any => Any](d))
    }
  }
}

输出结果为:

data: StRiNG (String), command takes: String
    cmd(data) = string
data: StRiNG (String), command takes: Date
data: Sun Aug 05 14:46:17 CEST 2012 (Date), command takes: String
data: Sun Aug 05 14:46:17 CEST 2012 (Date), command takes: Date
    cmd(data) = 1344170777681