我想创建一个存储库并通过任何Python包向它提交一些文件。我该怎么办?
我不明白如何为提交添加文件。
答案 0 :(得分:9)
您可以查看新更新GitHub CRUD API (May 2013)是否可以提供帮助
repository contents API允许读取文件一段时间。现在,您可以轻松地将更改提交到单个文件,就像在Web UI中一样。
从今天开始,您可以使用以下方法:
答案 1 :(得分:6)
Github提供Git database API,使您可以访问读取和写入原始对象,以及列出和更新引用(分支头和标记)。为了更好地理解该主题,我强烈建议您阅读Pro Git书的Git Internals章。
根据文档,将更改提交到存储库中的文件是一个7步骤的过程:
- 获取当前提交对象
- 检索它指向的树
- 检索树对该特定文件路径的blob对象的内容
- 以某种方式更改内容并使用该新内容发布新的blob对象,然后获取blob SHA
- 发布一个新的树对象,该文件路径指针替换为新的blob SHA,使树回SHA
- 使用当前提交SHA作为父树和新树SHA创建一个新提交对象,获取提交SHA
- 更新分支的引用以指向新提交SHA
醇>
答案 2 :(得分:6)
这是一个完整的代码段:
def push_to_github(filename, repo, branch, token):
url="https://api.github.com/repos/"+repo+"/contents/"+filename
base64content=base64.b64encode(open(filename,"rb").read())
data = requests.get(url+'?ref='+branch, headers = {"Authorization": "token "+token}).json()
sha = data['sha']
if base64content.decode('utf-8')+"\n" != data['content']:
message = json.dumps({"message":"update",
"branch": branch,
"content": base64content.decode("utf-8") ,
"sha": sha
})
resp=requests.put(url, data = message, headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json", "Authorization": "token "+token})
print(resp)
else:
print("nothing to update")
token = "lskdlfszezeirzoherkzjehrkzjrzerzer"
filename="foo.txt"
repo = "you/test"
branch="master"
push_to_github(filename, repo, branch, token)
答案 3 :(得分:3)
注意:我使用requests库对GitHub REST API v3进行了调用。
1。获取特定分支的最后一次提交SHA
# GET /repos/:owner/:repo/branches/:branch_name
last_commit_sha = response.json()['commit']['sha']
2。使用文件内容(编码为base64或utf-8)创建blob
# POST /repos/:owner/:repo/git/blobs
# {
# "content": "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQK",
# "encoding": "base64"
#}
base64_blob_sha = response.json()['sha']
# POST /repos/:owner/:repo/git/blobs
# {
# "content": "hello world",
# "encoding": "utf-8"
#}
utf8_blob_sha = response.json()['sha']
3。创建定义文件夹结构的树
# POST repos/:owner/:repo/git/trees/
# {
# "base_tree": last_commit_sha,
# "tree": [
# {
# "path": "myfolder/base64file.txt",
# "mode": "100644",
# "type": "blob",
# "sha": base64_blob_sha
# },
# {
# "path": "file-utf8.txt",
# "mode": "100644",
# "type": "blob",
# "sha": utf8_blob_sha
# }
# ]
# }
tree_sha = response.json()['sha']
4。创建提交
# POST /repos/:owner/:repo/git/commits
# {
# "message": "Add new files at once programatically",
# "author": {
# "name": "Jan-Michael Vincent",
# "email": "JanQuadrantVincent16@rickandmorty.com"
# },
# "parents": [
# last_commit_sha
# ],
# "tree": tree_sha
# }
new_commit_sha = response.json()['sha']
5。更新分支的引用以指向新的提交SHA(在主分支示例上)
# POST /repos/:owner/:repo/git/refs/heads/master
# {
# "ref": "refs/heads/master",
# "sha": new_commit_sha
# }
最后,要进行更高级的设置,请阅读docs。
答案 4 :(得分:1)
根据先前的答案,这是一个完整的示例。请注意,如果将提交上载到新分支,则需要使用POST
,或者如果将上载到现有分支,则需要使用PATCH
。
import whatsneeded
GITHUB_TOKEN = "WHATEVERWILLBEWILLBE"
def github_request(method, url, headers=None, data=None, params=None):
"""Execute a request to the GitHUB API, handling redirect"""
if not headers:
headers = {}
headers.update({
"User-Agent": "Agent 007",
"Authorization": "Bearer " + GITHUB_TOKEN,
})
url_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
url_path = url_parsed.path
if params:
url_path += "?" + urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
data = data and json.dumps(data)
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(url_parsed.hostname)
conn.request(method, url_path, body=data, headers=headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
if response.status == 302:
return github_request(method, response.headers["Location"])
if response.status >= 400:
headers.pop('Authorization', None)
raise Exception(
f"Error: {response.status} - {json.loads(response.read())} - {method} - {url} - {data} - {headers}"
)
return (response, json.loads(response.read().decode()))
def upload_to_github(repository, src, dst, author_name, author_email, git_message, branch="heads/master"):
# Get last commit SHA of a branch
resp, jeez = github_request("GET", f"/repos/{repository}/git/ref/{branch}")
last_commit_sha = jeez["object"]["sha"]
print("Last commit SHA: " + last_commit_sha)
base64content = base64.b64encode(open(src, "rb").read())
resp, jeez = github_request(
"POST",
f"/repos/{repository}/git/blobs",
data={
"content": base64content.decode(),
"encoding": "base64"
},
)
blob_content_sha = jeez["sha"]
resp, jeez = github_request(
"POST",
f"/repos/{repository}/git/trees",
data={
"base_tree":
last_commit_sha,
"tree": [{
"path": dst,
"mode": "100644",
"type": "blob",
"sha": blob_content_sha,
}],
},
)
tree_sha = jeez["sha"]
resp, jeez = github_request(
"POST",
f"/repos/{repository}/git/commits",
data={
"message": git_message,
"author": {
"name": author_name,
"email": author_email,
},
"parents": [last_commit_sha],
"tree": tree_sha,
},
)
new_commit_sha = jeez["sha"]
resp, jeez = github_request(
"PATCH",
f"/repos/{repository}/git/refs/{branch}",
data={"sha": new_commit_sha},
)
return (resp, jeez)
答案 5 :(得分:0)
我在 Google App Engine (GAE) ,除了python,我可以create新文件update,甚至是delete it通过提交并使用php,java和go中的GitHub API v3在GitHub中推送到我的仓库。
检查并审核一些可用的第三方libraries以创建与perl中提供的example script类似的内容,我建议使用以下内容:
如您所知,您可以在每个GitHub帐户和组织中获得一个网站,以及无限制的项目网站,其中网站直接从您的仓库托管,并由Jekyll作为默认设置。
在GAE上结合Jekyll,Webhooks和GitHub API脚本,以及相应的 GAE Setting ,它将为您提供像{{{{{{ 3}}并在GitHub上创建一个动态页面。
除了GAE之外,还有一个选项可以在Heroku上运行。使用位于(免费)Heroku实例上的calling external script JekyllBot为每个帖子生成JSON文件并将更改推送回GitHub。