二叉搜索树后序迭代器

时间:2012-08-03 18:45:09

标签: php algorithm iterator binary-search-tree

我正在用PHP实现一个AVL树(一个自平衡二进制搜索树),并且工作正常。我有顺序,预订和水平顺序迭代器工作,但我无法弄清楚如何为BST做一个后序迭代器。谷歌搜索结果显示如何进行迭代后序遍历,但不是迭代器。

到目前为止,我唯一的成功就是使用后序遍历来构建数组,然后返回一个数组迭代器。这很糟糕,因为它迭代树两次并增加了空间复杂度。

构建后期迭代器的一般算法是什么?

标签的唯一原因是PHP中的迭代器与Java或C ++中的迭代器不同。它可能会影响您的建议。

此外,如果PHP有生成器,这将是一件轻而易举的事,因为后序遍历可以简单地产生值,将其转换为迭代器。 。

编辑:这里是有序迭代器实现。也许它可以帮助你从后期迭代器中理解我想要的东西:

class InOrderIterator implements Iterator {

    /**
     * @var ArrayStack
     */
    protected $stack;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $root;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $value;

    public function __construct(BinaryNode $root) {
        $this->stack = new ArrayStack;
        $this->root = $root;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function current() {
        return $this->value->getValue();
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function next() {
        /**
         * @var BinaryNode $node
         */
        $node = $this->stack->pop();

        $right = $node->getRight();
        if ($right !== NULL) {
            // left-most branch of the right side
            for ($left = $right; $left !== NULL; $left = $left->getLeft()) {
                $this->stack->push($left);
            }
        }

        if ($this->stack->isEmpty()) {
            $this->value = NULL;
            return;
        }
        $this->value = $this->stack->peek();

    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php
     * @return NULL
     */
    public function key() {
        return NULL; //no keys in a tree . . .
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function valid() {
        return $this->value !== NULL;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function rewind() {
        $this->stack->clear();

        for ($current = $this->root; $current !== NULL; $current = $current->getLeft()) {
            $this->stack->push($current);
        }

        $this->value = $this->stack->peek();
    }
}

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

我能够将C ++中迭代遍历的示例几乎转换为迭代器。 Latest on github。还需要弄清楚几个案例。

class PostOrderIterator implements Iterator {

    /**
     * @var ArrayStack
     */
    protected $stack;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $root;

    /**
     * @var BinaryNode
     */
    protected $value;

    protected $current;

    public function __construct(BinaryNode $root) {
        $this->stack = new ArrayStack;
        $this->root = $root;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.current.php
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function current() {
        return $this->current->getValue();
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.next.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function next() {
        /**
         * @var BinaryNode $node
         */
        if ($this->value !== NULL) {
            $right = $this->value->getRight();
            if ($right !== NULL) {
                $this->stack->push($right);
            }
            $this->stack->push($this->value);
            $this->value = $this->value->getLeft();
            $this->next();
            return;
        }

        if ($this->stack->isEmpty()) {
            $this->current = $this->value;
            $this->value = NULL;
            return;
        }

        $this->value = $this->stack->pop();

        $right = $this->value->getRight();
        if ($right !== NULL && !$this->stack->isEmpty() && ($right === $this->stack->peek())) {
            $this->stack->pop();
            $this->stack->push($this->value);
            $this->value = $this->value->getRight();
            $this->current = $this->value;
        } else {

            if ($this->current === $this->value) {
                $this->value = NULL;
                $this->next();
            } else {
                $this->current = $this->value;
                $this->value = NULL;
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.key.php
     * @return NULL
     */
    public function key() {
        return NULL; //no keys in a tree . . .
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.valid.php
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function valid() {
        return $this->current !== NULL;
    }

    /**
     * @link http://php.net/manual/en/iterator.rewind.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function rewind() {
        $this->stack->clear();

        $this->value = $this->root;
        $this->next();
    }
}

我无法描述算法或证明它正在做什么,但希望随着时间的推移它会有意义。