我正在寻找一种算法/方式将给定的HEX（例如＃111111 R：0x11，G：0x11，B：0x11）转换为最接近的X11色号（终端是88或256色）无论是Python，PHP还是VIM脚本，我都想知道这里是否有人知道某种方式或指向我这样做的方向。
先谢谢。
答案 0 :(得分：8)
我遇到了同样的问题（将现有的vim colorscheme与gvim hex颜色一起使用并填充终端颜色值）。这是我使用的脚本（虽然ColorDist函数可能会受益于更好的色彩距离度量，就像其他一些海报所暗示的那样）
import re
import math
colors = {
'000000': '16', '00005f': '17', '000087': '18', '0000af': '19', '0000d7': '20',
'0000ff': '21', '005f00': '22', '005f5f': '23', '005f87': '24', '005faf': '25',
'005fd7': '26', '005fff': '27', '008700': '28', '00875f': '29', '008787': '30',
'0087af': '31', '0087d7': '32', '0087ff': '33', '00af00': '34', '00af5f': '35',
'00af87': '36', '00afaf': '37', '00afd7': '38', '00afff': '39', '00d700': '40',
'00d75f': '41', '00d787': '42', '00d7af': '43', '00d7d7': '44', '00d7ff': '45',
'00ff00': '46', '00ff5f': '47', '00ff87': '48', '00ffaf': '49', '00ffd7': '50',
'00ffff': '51', '5f0000': '52', '5f005f': '53', '5f0087': '54', '5f00af': '55',
'5f00d7': '56', '5f00ff': '57', '5f5f00': '58', '5f5f5f': '59', '5f5f87': '60',
'5f5faf': '61', '5f5fd7': '62', '5f5fff': '63', '5f8700': '64', '5f875f': '65',
'5f8787': '66', '5f87af': '67', '5f87d7': '68', '5f87ff': '69', '5faf00': '70',
'5faf5f': '71', '5faf87': '72', '5fafaf': '73', '5fafd7': '74', '5fafff': '75',
'5fd700': '76', '5fd75f': '77', '5fd787': '78', '5fd7af': '79', '5fd7d7': '80',
'5fd7ff': '81', '5fff00': '82', '5fff5f': '83', '5fff87': '84', '5fffaf': '85',
'5fffd7': '86', '5fffff': '87', '870000': '88', '87005f': '89', '870087': '90',
'8700af': '91', '8700d7': '92', '8700ff': '93', '875f00': '94', '875f5f': '95',
'875f87': '96', '875faf': '97', '875fd7': '98', '875fff': '99', '878700': '100',
'87875f': '101', '878787': '102', '8787af': '103', '8787d7': '104', '8787ff': '105',
'87af00': '106', '87af5f': '107', '87af87': '108', '87afaf': '109', '87afd7': '110',
'87afff': '111', '87d700': '112', '87d75f': '113', '87d787': '114', '87d7af': '115',
'87d7d7': '116', '87d7ff': '117', '87ff00': '118', '87ff5f': '119', '87ff87': '120',
'87ffaf': '121', '87ffd7': '122', '87ffff': '123', 'af0000': '124', 'af005f': '125',
'af0087': '126', 'af00af': '127', 'af00d7': '128', 'af00ff': '129', 'af5f00': '130',
'af5f5f': '131', 'af5f87': '132', 'af5faf': '133', 'af5fd7': '134', 'af5fff': '135',
'af8700': '136', 'af875f': '137', 'af8787': '138', 'af87af': '139', 'af87d7': '140',
'af87ff': '141', 'afaf00': '142', 'afaf5f': '143', 'afaf87': '144', 'afafaf': '145',
'afafd7': '146', 'afafff': '147', 'afd700': '148', 'afd75f': '149', 'afd787': '150',
'afd7af': '151', 'afd7d7': '152', 'afd7ff': '153', 'afff00': '154', 'afff5f': '155',
'afff87': '156', 'afffaf': '157', 'afffd7': '158', 'afffff': '159', 'd70000': '160',
'd7005f': '161', 'd70087': '162', 'd700af': '163', 'd700d7': '164', 'd700ff': '165',
'd75f00': '166', 'd75f5f': '167', 'd75f87': '168', 'd75faf': '169', 'd75fd7': '170',
'd75fff': '171', 'd78700': '172', 'd7875f': '173', 'd78787': '174', 'd787af': '175',
'd787d7': '176', 'd787ff': '177', 'd7af00': '178', 'd7af5f': '179', 'd7af87': '180',
'd7afaf': '181', 'd7afd7': '182', 'd7afff': '183', 'd7d700': '184', 'd7d75f': '185',
'd7d787': '186', 'd7d7af': '187', 'd7d7d7': '188', 'd7d7ff': '189', 'd7ff00': '190',
'd7ff5f': '191', 'd7ff87': '192', 'd7ffaf': '193', 'd7ffd7': '194', 'd7ffff': '195',
'ff0000': '196', 'ff005f': '197', 'ff0087': '198', 'ff00af': '199', 'ff00d7': '200',
'ff00ff': '201', 'ff5f00': '202', 'ff5f5f': '203', 'ff5f87': '204', 'ff5faf': '205',
'ff5fd7': '206', 'ff5fff': '207', 'ff8700': '208', 'ff875f': '209', 'ff8787': '210',
'ff87af': '211', 'ff87d7': '212', 'ff87ff': '213', 'ffaf00': '214', 'ffaf5f': '215',
'ffaf87': '216', 'ffafaf': '217', 'ffafd7': '218', 'ffafff': '219', 'ffd700': '220',
'ffd75f': '221', 'ffd787': '222', 'ffd7af': '223', 'ffd7d7': '224', 'ffd7ff': '225',
'ffff00': '226', 'ffff5f': '227', 'ffff87': '228', 'ffffaf': '229', 'ffffd7': '230',
'ffffff': '231', '080808': '232', '121212': '233', '1c1c1c': '234', '262626': '235',
'303030': '236', '3a3a3a': '237', '444444': '238', '4e4e4e': '239', '585858': '240',
'626262': '241', '6c6c6c': '242', '767676': '243', '808080': '244', '8a8a8a': '245',
'949494': '246', '9e9e9e': '247', 'a8a8a8': '248', 'b2b2b2': '249', 'bcbcbc': '250',
'c6c6c6': '251', 'd0d0d0': '252', 'dadada': '253', 'e4e4e4': '254', 'eeeeee': '255',
}
## Example line from a vim colorscheme file
##hi Normal ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE gui=NONE guifg=#b7af9f guibg=#202020
def Decompose(hexval):
return float(int(hexval[0:2], 16)), float(int(hexval[2:4], 16)), float(int(hexval[4:6], 16))
def Normalize(r, g, b):
magsqr = r*r + g*g + b*b
if magsqr < 0.0001:
return 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
n = 1.0 / math.sqrt(magsqr)
return r*n, g*n, b*n
def ColorDist(c1, c2):
c1r, c1g, c1b = Decompose(c1)
c2r, c2g, c2b = Decompose(c2)
dr = c1r - c2r
dg = c1g - c2g
db = c1b - c2b
return dr*dr + dg*dg + db*db
def BestMatch(hexval):
best = None
bestdist = 0.0
for key in colors.keys():
dist = ColorDist(hexval, key)
if best is None or dist < bestdist:
best = colors[key]
bestdist = dist
return best
## 1 2 3 4 5 6
fg = re.compile(r'^(.*)(ctermfg=)NONE(.*)(guifg=#)([^ ]*)(.*)\n$')
bg = re.compile(r'^(.*)(ctermbg=)NONE(.*)(guibg=#)([^ ]*)(.*)\n$')
with open(r'input_color_scheme.vim', 'r') as f:
with open(r'output_color_scheme.vim', 'w') as fout:
for line in f.readlines():
fgmatch = fg.match(line)
if fgmatch is not None:
line = (fgmatch.group(1) +
fgmatch.group(2) +
BestMatch(fgmatch.group(5)) +
fgmatch.group(3) +
fgmatch.group(4) +
fgmatch.group(5) +
fgmatch.group(6)) + '\n'
bgmatch = bg.match(line)
if bgmatch is not None:
line = (bgmatch.group(1) +
bgmatch.group(2) +
BestMatch(bgmatch.group(5)) +
bgmatch.group(3) +
bgmatch.group(4) +
bgmatch.group(5) +
bgmatch.group(6) + '\n')
## -- print the line
fout.write(line)
答案 1 :(得分：5)
答案 2 :(得分：4)
这是一个C实现，虽然将其转换为其他语言应该很容易，但请注意它使用整数运算：
// Convert RGB24 to xterm-256 8-bit value
// For simplicity, assume RGB space is perceptually uniform.
// There are 5 places where one of two outputs needs to be chosen when the
// input is the exact middle:
// - The r/g/b channels and the gray value: the higher value output is chosen.
// - If the gray and color have same distance from the input - color is chosen.
static int rgb_to_x256(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b)
{
// Calculate the nearest 0-based color index at 16 .. 231
# define v2ci(v) (v < 48 ? 0 : v < 115 ? 1 : (v - 35) / 40)
int ir = v2ci(r), ig = v2ci(g), ib = v2ci(b); // 0..5 each
# define color_index() (36 * ir + 6 * ig + ib) /* 0..215, lazy evaluation */
// Calculate the nearest 0-based gray index at 232 .. 255
int average = (r + g + b) / 3;
int gray_index = average > 238 ? 23 : (average - 3) / 10; // 0..23
// Calculate the represented colors back from the index
static const int i2cv[6] = {0, 0x5f, 0x87, 0xaf, 0xd7, 0xff};
int cr = i2cv[ir], cg = i2cv[ig], cb = i2cv[ib]; // r/g/b, 0..255 each
int gv = 8 + 10 * gray_index; // same value for r/g/b, 0..255
// Return the one which is nearer to the original input rgb value
# define dist_square(A,B,C, a,b,c) ((A-a)*(A-a) + (B-b)*(B-b) + (C-c)*(C-c))
int color_err = dist_square(cr, cg, cb, r, g, b);
int gray_err = dist_square(gv, gv, gv, r, g, b);
return color_err <= gray_err ? 16 + color_index() : 232 + gray_index;
}
这与tmux和mpv目前使用的实现相同。您可以在tmux pull request on github找到该算法的一些解释。
答案 3 :(得分：2)
了解RGB values of the X11 colors后，您可以确定给定输入颜色中哪些颜色“最近”。
这里有一个很好的，快速的色彩距离测量
答案 4 :(得分：0)
这是恒定时间的python实现：
N = []
for i, n in enumerate([47, 68, 40, 40, 40, 21]):
N.extend([i]*n)
def rgb_to_xterm(r, g, b):
mx = max(r, g, b)
mn = min(r, g, b)
if (mx-mn)*(mx+mn) <= 6250:
c = 24 - (252 - ((r+g+b) // 3)) // 10
if 0 <= c <= 23:
return 232 + c
return 16 + 36*N[r] + 6*N[g] + N[b]