Question

我正在尝试使用Python向iPhone发送推送通知。我已将证书和私钥从keychain访问导出到p12文件中，然后使用以下命令将其转换为pem文件：

openssl pkcs12 -in cred.p12 -out cert.pem -nodes -clcerts

我在Python中使用APNSWrapper进行连接。

我运行以下代码：

deviceToken = 'Qun\xaa\xd ... c0\x9c\xf6\xca' 

# create wrapper
wrapper = APNSNotificationWrapper('/path/to/cert/cert.pem', True)

# create message
message = APNSNotification()
message.token(deviceToken)
message.badge(5)

# add message to tuple and send it to APNS server
wrapper.append(message)
wrapper.notify()

然后我收到错误消息：

ssl.SSLError: (1, '_ssl.c:485: 
error:14094416:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert certificate unknown')

任何人都可以帮我解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

我最近使用Django做了这个 - http://leecutsco.de/2009/07/14/push-on-the-iphone/

可能有用吗？除了Python中包含的库以外，它没有使用额外的库。提取send_message（）方法并不需要太多。

Answer 2

您是否考虑过Twisted套餐？以下代码取自here：

from struct import pack
from OpenSSL import SSL
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.protocol import ClientFactory, Protocol
from twisted.internet.ssl import ClientContextFactory

APNS_SERVER_HOSTNAME = "<insert the push hostname from your iPhone developer portal>"
APNS_SERVER_PORT = 2195
APNS_SSL_CERTIFICATE_FILE = "<your ssl certificate.pem>"
APNS_SSL_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE = "<your ssl private key.pem>"

class APNSClientContextFactory(ClientContextFactory):
    def __init__(self):
        self.ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv3_METHOD)
        self.ctx.use_certificate_file(APNS_SSL_CERTIFICATE_FILE)
        self.ctx.use_privatekey_file(APNS_SSL_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE)

    def getContext(self):
        return self.ctx

class APNSProtocol(Protocol):
    def sendMessage(self, deviceToken, payload):
        # notification messages are binary messages in network order
        # using the following format:
        # <1 byte command> <2 bytes length><token> <2 bytes length><payload>
        fmt = "!cH32cH%dc" % len(payload)
        command = 0
        msg = struct.pack(fmt, command, deviceToken,
                          len(payload), payload)
        self.transport.write(msg)

class APNSClientFactory(ClientFactory):
    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        print "Connected to APNS Server %s:%u" % (addr.host, addr.port)
        return APNSProtocol()

    def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
        print "Lost connection. Reason: %s" % reason

    def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
        print "Connection failed. Reason: %s" % reason

if __name__ == '__main__':
    reactor.connectSSL(APNS_SERVER_HOSTNAME, 
                       APNS_SERVER_PORT,
                       APNSClientFactory(), 
                       APNSClientContextFactory())
    reactor.run()

Answer 3

最初发布的代码中有一些错误，所以这是一个适用于我的修正版本。

from struct import pack
from OpenSSL import SSL
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.protocol import ClientFactory, Protocol
from twisted.internet.ssl import ClientContextFactory
import binascii
import struct

APNS_SERVER_HOSTNAME = "gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com"
APNS_SERVER_PORT = 2195
APNS_SSL_CERTIFICATE_FILE = "<your ssl certificate.pem>"
APNS_SSL_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE = "<your ssl private key.pem>"
DEVICE_TOKEN = "<hexlified device token>"
MESSAGE = '{"aps":{"alert":"twisted test"}}'

class APNSClientContextFactory(ClientContextFactory):
    def __init__(self):
        self.ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv3_METHOD)
        self.ctx.use_certificate_file(APNS_SSL_CERTIFICATE_FILE)
        self.ctx.use_privatekey_file(APNS_SSL_PRIVATE_KEY_FILE)

    def getContext(self):
        return self.ctx

class APNSProtocol(Protocol):

    def connectionMade(self):
        print "connection made"
        self.sendMessage(binascii.unhexlify(DEVICE_TOKEN), MESSAGE)
        self.transport.loseConnection()

    def sendMessage(self, deviceToken, payload):
        # notification messages are binary messages in network order
        # using the following format:
        # <1 byte command> <2 bytes length><token> <2 bytes length><payload>
        fmt = "!cH32sH%ds" % len(payload)
        command = '\x00'
        msg = struct.pack(fmt, command, 32, deviceToken,
                          len(payload), payload)
        print "%s: %s" %(binascii.hexlify(deviceToken), binascii.hexlify(msg))
        self.transport.write(msg)

class APNSClientFactory(ClientFactory):
    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        print "Connected to APNS Server %s:%u" % (addr.host, addr.port)
        return APNSProtocol()

    def clientConnectionLost(self, connector, reason):
        print "Lost connection. Reason: %s" % reason

    def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
        print "Connection failed. Reason: %s" % reason

if __name__ == '__main__':
    reactor.connectSSL(APNS_SERVER_HOSTNAME,
                       APNS_SERVER_PORT,
                       APNSClientFactory(),
                       APNSClientContextFactory())
    reactor.run()

Answer 4

尝试更新到最新的APNSWrapper版本（0.4）。现在有openssl命令行工具（openssl s_client）的内置支持。

Answer 5

我尝试了APNSWrapper和Lee Peckham的代码，并且无法使用Python 2.6在Snow Leopard下运行它。经过大量的反复试验后，它终于与pyOpenSSL合作了。

我已经发布了一篇包含详细信息和代码段here的帖子，所以我会在那里推荐你。

使用Python连接到iPhone的APNS

5 个答案: