javascript oop,instanceof和基类

时间:2012-07-26 01:25:53

标签: javascript oop polymorphism

我在JavaScript中设计了一些类层次结构。它到目前为止工作正常,但我看不出如何确定一个对象是否是父类的“实例”。例如:

function BaseObject(name){
    this.name = name;

    this.sayWhoAmI = function(){
        console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation1 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation1));
        console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation2 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation2));
        console.log(this.name + ' is a BaseObject : ' + (this instanceof BaseObject));
    };
}
function Derivation1(){
    BaseObject.apply(this, ['first derivation']);
}
function Derivation2(){
    BaseObject.apply(this, ['second derivation']);
}

var first = new Derivation1();
var second = new Derivation2();

first.sayWhoAmI();记录下来:

first derivation is a Derivation1 : true
first derivation is a Derivation2 : false
first derivation is a BaseObject : false

second.sayWhoAmI();记录下来:

second derivation is a Derivation1 : false
second derivation is a Derivation2 : true
second derivation is a BaseObject : false

我觉得firstsecond对象都应该说它们是BaseObject的实例。

我知道可能不会为此制作JavaScript,但我想知道是否有办法实现这一点。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

仅调用Base.apply(...)不会设置继承。 .apply所做的就是将this设置为第一个参数,没有别的。调用父构造函数很重要,但这还不够。

您需要做的是正确设置原型链。也就是说,您必须将Derivation1.prototype设置为继承自Base.prototype的内容。

由于构造函数的每个实例都继承自构造函数的原型,因此您将看到诸如

之类的代码
Derivation1.prototype = new Base();

这是一个坏主意,您已经可以看到原因:Base需要参数来设置特定于实例的属性(在这种情况下为name)。但是我们不关心这些属性,因为我们稍后在Base.apply(this, ...)的子构造函数中初始化它们。

所以我们需要的是一个继承自Base.prototype的对象,幸运的是,ECMASCript 5定义了一个可以为我们做到这一点的函数(polyfill):

 Derivation1.prototype = Object.create(Base.prototype);

这将创建一个继承自Base.prototype的新对象。现在,由于您使用新对象替换了原始原型,因此必须设置constructor属性,使其正确指向Derivation1

Derivation1.prototype.constructor = Derivation1;

下面是一个完整的例子。另请查看this fiddlethis excellent answer by T.J. Crowder,它解释了基本相同的问题,但可能更好。


示例

function BaseObject(name){
    this.name = name;
}

// move properties shared by all instances to the prototype!
BaseObject.prototype.sayWhoAmI = function() {
    console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation1 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation1));
    console.log(this.name + ' is a Derivation2 : ' + (this instanceof Derivation2));
    console.log(this.name + ' is a BaseObject : ' + (this instanceof BaseObject));
};

function Derivation1(){
    BaseObject.apply(this, ['first derivation']);
}

Derivation1.prototype = Object.create(BaseObject.prototype);
Derivation1.prototype.constructor = Derivation1;

// some useless method of the child "class"
Derivation1.prototype.someOtherMethod = function() {
    return 42;
};

var first = new Derivation1();
first.sayWhoAmI();