使用带有mysql查询结果的php获取父级下的所有子级,孙级等节点

时间:2012-07-16 01:44:39

标签: php mysql database tree nodes

我一直试图解决这个问题,但我没有得到任何地方。希望有人可以来救我。

我的问题是我使用邻接列表数据模型在mysql中生成我的层次结构数据。我可以将表(见下文)检索到一个多维数组中,每个项目都有一个关联数组。我想要做的是,一旦我得到这个数组,我想得到另一个数组,包含父ID(包括父项)下的所有节点(子,孙等)。我只是无法锻炼如何编码tihs in PHP。

在MySQL中,我的表格如下所示:

id     name       parent_id
1  Electronics          0
2  Televisions          1
3  Portable Electronics 1
4  Tube                 2
5  LCD                  2
6  Plasma               2
7  Mp3 Players          3
8  CD Players           3
9  2 Way Radios         3
10 Flash                7

我可以使用此代码将所有行检索到关联数组中。

$r = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM test ");
        $data = array();
        while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($r)) {
         $data[] = $row;
         }      

获取结果:

Array 
( 
    [0] => Array 
    ( 
        [id] => 1 
        [name] => Electronics 
        [parent_id] => 0 
    ) 
    [1] => Array 
    ( 
        [id] => 2 
        [name] => Televisions 
        [parent_id] => 1 
    ) 
    [2] => Array 
    ( 
        [id] => 3 
        [name] => Portable Electronics 
        [parent_id] => 1 
    )
    [3] => Array 
    (
        [id] => 4 
        [name] => Tube 
        [parent_id] => 2 
    )
    [4] => Array 
    (
        [id] => 5 
        [name] => LCD 
        [parent_id] => 2
    )
    [5] => Array
    (
        [id] => 6 
        [name] => Plasma 
        [parent_id] => 2
    )
    [6] => Array
    (
        [id] => 7 
        [name] => Mp3 Players 
        [parent_id] => 3 
    )
    [7] => Array 
    (
        [id] => 8 
        [name] => CD Players 
        [parent_id] => 3
    )
    [8] => Array 
    (
        [id] => 9 
        [name] => 2 Way Radios 
        [parent_id] => 3
    )
    [9] => Array
    (
        [id] => 10 
        [name] => Flash 
        [parent_id] => 7 
    ) 
)

根据这些结果,我想用id过滤掉它。

比如说,我想要一个ID为3的便携式电子设备下的每个节点的关联数组。(代码使用id)

它将返回一个包含id的行的数组:

  • 3便携式电子产品(必须包括选定的父母)
  • 7 Mp3玩家(儿童)
  • 8位CD播放器(儿童)
  • 9 2路无线电(儿童)
  • 10 Flash(大孩子)

如果Flash有孩子,它也会返回那些。

因此,最终结果将返回一个类似上面的数组,但只返回那些项目。

请注意:  我不是在创建树结构的多维数组的函数之后(已经有了解决方案)。我想构建一个函数:fetch_recursive($ id),它接收一个ID并返回该级别中的所有项目等级等等

希望这有帮助

提前致谢

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:16)

编辑:

我之前发布了一个解决方案,用于根据您提供的输出构建多维数组,以及从特定数组中获取特定id的所有子元素的方法。我现在已经想出如何直接从输出中检索子元素(无需先通过buildtree()函数:

function fetch_recursive($src_arr, $currentid, $parentfound = false, $cats = array())
{
    foreach($src_arr as $row)
    {
        if((!$parentfound && $row['id'] == $currentid) || $row['parent_id'] == $currentid)
        {
            $rowdata = array();
            foreach($row as $k => $v)
                $rowdata[$k] = $v;
            $cats[] = $rowdata;
            if($row['parent_id'] == $currentid)
                $cats = array_merge($cats, fetch_recursive($src_arr, $row['id'], true));
        }
    }
    return $cats;
}

要使用上述函数,只需将输出数组$data传递给第一个参数,并将id传递给第二个参数中的子元素:

例如:

$list = fetch_recursive($data, 3);

哪个应该为id 3提供正确的数组结构(如本答案最后一个代码框中的示例所示)。


原始答案:

到目前为止,我从来没有编写过递归函数来构建嵌套树。我确信还有很多其他人写过类似的功能,但是这个功能绝对适合你:

function buildtree($src_arr, $parent_id = 0, $tree = array())
{
    foreach($src_arr as $idx => $row)
    {
        if($row['parent_id'] == $parent_id)
        {
            foreach($row as $k => $v)
                $tree[$row['id']][$k] = $v;
            unset($src_arr[$idx]);
            $tree[$row['id']]['children'] = buildtree($src_arr, $row['id']);
        }
    }
    ksort($tree);
    return $tree;
}

此函数将以邻接列表的形式递归构建树,并按升序对id进行排序。这也使每个父/子的id成为每个信息数组的关键。

此代码:

$r = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM test ");
$data = array();
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($r)) {
    $data[] = $row;
}
echo '<pre>';
print_r(buildtree($data));
echo '</pre>';

将输出如下内容:

Array 
(
    [1] => Array 
    (
        [id] => 1
        [name] => Electronics 
        [parent_id] => 0 
        [children] => Array
        (
            [2] => Array 
            ( 
                [id] => 2
                [name] => Televisions 
                [parent_id] => 1 
                [children] => Array
                (
                    [4] => Array 
                    (
                        [id] => 4
                        [name] => Tube 
                        [parent_id] => 2
                        [children] => Array()
                    )
                    [5] => Array 
                    (
                        [id] => 5
                        [name] => LCD 
                        [parent_id] => 2
                        [children] => Array()
                    )
                    [6] => Array
                    (
                        [id] => 6
                        [name] => Plasma 
                        [parent_id] => 2
                        [children] => Array()
                    )
                )
            )
            [3] => Array 
            (
                [id] => 3
                [name] => Portable Electronics 
                [parent_id] => 1
                [children] => Array
                (
                    [7] => Array
                    (
                        [id] => 7
                        [name] => Mp3 Players 
                        [parent_id] => 3 
                        [children] => Array
                        (
                            [10] => Array
                            (
                                [id] => 10
                                [name] => Flash 
                                [parent_id] => 7
                                [children] => Array()
                            ) 
                        )
                    )
                    [8] => Array 
                    (
                        [id] => 8
                        [name] => CD Players 
                        [parent_id] => 3
                        [children] => Array()
                    )
                    [9] => Array 
                    (
                        [id] => 9
                        [name] => 2 Way Radios 
                        [parent_id] => 3
                        [children] => Array()
                    )
                )
            )
        )
    )
)

要将特定id的所有子节点放到一维数组上,您可以使用此函数:

function fetch_recursive($tree, $parent_id, $parentfound = false, $list = array())
{
    foreach($tree as $k => $v)
    {
        if($parentfound || $k == $parent_id)
        {
            $rowdata = array();
            foreach($v as $field => $value)
                if($field != 'children')
                    $rowdata[$field] = $value;
            $list[] = $rowdata;
            if($v['children'])
                $list = array_merge($list, fetch_recursive($v['children'], $parent_id, true));
        }
        elseif($v['children'])
            $list = array_merge($list, fetch_recursive($v['children'], $parent_id));
    }
    return $list;
}

基于上面的buildtree()函数,假设我们想要获取id 3的所有子节点:

echo '<pre>';
print_r(fetch_recursive(buildtree($a), 3));
echo '</pre>';

这将输出:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [id] => 3
            [name] => Portable Electronics
            [parent_id] => 1
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [id] => 7
            [name] => Mp3 Players
            [parent_id] => 3
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [id] => 10
            [name] => Flash
            [parent_id] => 7
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [id] => 8
            [name] => CD Players
            [parent_id] => 3
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [id] => 9
            [name] => 2 Way Radios
            [parent_id] => 3
        )

)

答案 1 :(得分:0)

这是一种让您更进一步的方法,您可以决定如何构建结果数组以及选择包含哪些字段。这没有经过测试,但您应该看到逻辑。

// connect to db

// set id counter
$ids = 0;

// declare array
$categories = new Array();

// determine max ids
$query = mysql_query("SELECT COUNT(1) AS ids FROM test");
$result = mysql_fetch_array(query); // get result
$count = $result['ids'];

// loop through ids for parents
for($ids = 0; $ids <= $count; $ids++) {
  $query1 = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM test WHERE id = '" . $ids . "'");
  $query2 = mysql_query("SELECT id, name, parent_id FROM test WHERE parent_id = '" . $ids . "'");
  // check if has children
  if(mysql_num_rows($query2) > 0) {
    // iterate through children and add to array
    while (mysql_fetch_array($query2) as $row) {
      $categories[$ids]['child'][$row['id']] = $row['name'];
    }
  }
  // check if has siblings
  if(mysql_num_rows($query1) > 0) {
    // iterate through children and add to array
    while (mysql_fetch_array($query2) as $row) {
      $categories[$ids]['sibling'][$row['id']] = $row['name'];
    }
  }
}