从Python中删除列表中的列表

时间:2012-07-11 14:14:11

标签: python list python-2.7

  

可能重复:
  Get difference from two lists in Python

这样做的简化方法是什么?我一直在努力,我无法弄清楚。 列出a和列表b,新列表应该包含仅在列表a中的项目。所以:

a = apple, carrot, lemon
b = pineapple, apple, tomato
new_list = carrot, lemon

我尝试编写代码,但每次总是将整个列表返回给我。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:26)

你可以用list comprehension来写这个,它告诉我们在new_list中需要最终确定哪些元素:

a = ['apple', 'carrot', 'lemon']
b = ['pineapple', 'apple', 'tomato']

# This gives us: new_list = ['carrot' , 'lemon']
new_list = [fruit for fruit in a if fruit not in b]

或者,使用for循环:

new_list = []
for fruit in a:
    if fruit not in b:
        new_list.append(fruit)

正如您所看到的,这些方法非常相似,这就是为什么Python也有列表推导能够轻松构建列表。

答案 1 :(得分:14)

您可以使用set

# Assume a, b are Python lists

# Create sets of a,b
setA = set(a)
setB = set(b)

# Get new set with elements that are only in a but not in b
onlyInA = setA.difference(b)

<强>更新
正如iurisilvio和mgilson指出的那样,只有当ab不包含重复项,并且元素的顺序无关紧要时,此方法才有效。

答案 2 :(得分:5)

这对你有用吗?

a = ["apple", "carrot", "lemon"]
b = ["pineapple", "apple", "tomato"]

new_list = []
for v in a:
    if v not in b:
        new_list.append(v)

print new_list

或者,更简洁:

new_list = filter(lambda v: v not in b, a)

答案 3 :(得分:4)

你可能想要这个:

a = ["apple", "carrot", "lemon"]
b = ["pineapple", "apple", "tomato"]

new_list = [x for x in a if (x not in b)]

print new_list

答案 4 :(得分:2)

如何使用sets(或内置set,因为套件在2.6中已弃用)?

from sets import Set
a = Set(['apple', 'carrot', 'lemon'])
b = Set(['pineapple','apple','tomato'])
new_set =  a.difference(b)
print new_set

给出输出

Set(['carrot', 'lemon'])