Django:如何使用已过滤的ForeignKey字段计数来注释查询集?

时间:2012-07-10 17:19:02

标签: python django django-models

Django新手问题:)

我有以下模型 - 每个评论都针对一个产品,每个产品都有一个部门:

class Department(models.Model):
    code = models.CharField(max_length=16)
class Product(models.Model):
    id = models.CharField(max_length=40, primary_key=True, db_index=True)
    dept = models.ForeignKey(Department, null=True, blank=True, db_index=True)
class Review(models.Model):
    review_id = models.CharField(max_length=32, primary_key=True, db_index=True) 
    product = models.ForeignKey(Product, db_index=True) 
    time = models.DateTimeField(db_index=True) 

我想对日期范围(2012-01-01到2012-01-08)进行Django查询,并返回所有部门的列表,用部门ID注释,以及该部门的产品数量在该日期范围内进行了审核。

这有点煎炸了我的大脑:)

我可以获得时间范围内的所有评论:

 reviews = Review.filter(time__range=["2012-01-01", "2012-01-08"])

然后我猜每个评论都有一个产品领域,每个产品都有一个部门代码。但是,如何按产品和代码对计数和部门ID进行分组?

或者,最好是请求部门,然后以某种方式用产品计数注释它们?

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:37)

尽可能避免使用extrarawaggregation docs几乎有这个用例:

直接来自文档:

# Each publisher, each with a count of books as a "num_books" attribute.
>>> from django.db.models import Count
>>> pubs = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book'))
>>> pubs
[<Publisher BaloneyPress>, <Publisher SalamiPress>, ...]
>>> pubs[0].num_books
73

因此,要针对您的特定示例进行修改:

depts = Department.objects.
            filter(product__review__time__range=["2012-01-01", "2012-01-08"]).
            annotate(num_products=Count('product'))

单独行上的函数调用只是为了便于阅读,你应该相应地移动它们。我没有对此进行测试,但我认为它应该可行。

答案 1 :(得分:6)

我在过去几天内不得不做几个类似的查询,并且最简单的方法是使用extra查询集函数来注释查询集中的每个对象,并使用过滤的产品计数: / p>

start = ..  # need to be formatted correctly
end = ...
departments = Departments.objects.all().extra(select = {
     'product_count' : """ SELECT COUNT(*) FROM appname_department
                           JOIN appname_product
                               ON appname_product.dept_id = appname_department.id
                           JOIN appname_review 
                               ON appname_review.product_id = appname_product.id
                           WHERE appname_review.time BETWEEN %s AND %s
                       """
}, params=[start, end])

{% for department in departments %}
    {{ department.product_count }}
{% endfor %}

答案 2 :(得分:2)

在Django >= 2.0中,这可以通过

实现
depts = Department.objects.all().annotate(
    num_products=Count('product', filter=Q(product__review__time__range=["2012-01-01", "2012-01-08"]))
)

有关更多信息,请阅读文档https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/db/aggregation/#filtering-on-annotations

答案 3 :(得分:0)

汇总的文件 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/aggregation/#cheat-sheet

可能有一种方法可以使用聚合或注释,但我更喜欢这个:

departments = Department.objects.all()
for dept in departments : 
    # Get the number of reviewed products for a given range and department
    num_products = dept.product_set.filter(review__time__range=["2012-01-01", "2012-01-08"]).count()

如果您绝对需要它作为模型的函数:

class Department(models.Model) :
    ...
    def num_products(self, start_date, end_date) : 
        return self.product_set.filter(review__time__range=[start_date, end_date]).count()

修改

我认为如果你要做一个原始查询(类似这样的话)

sql = """SELECT COUNT(Product.*) as num_products, Department.*
    FROM Department
    LEFT OUTER JOIN Product ON Product.department = Department.id
    LEFT OUTER JOIN Review ON Product.id = Review.product
    WHERE Review.time BETWEEN "2012-01-01" AND "2012-01-08"
    GROUP BY Department.id"""

Department.objects.raw(sql)

然后num_products将是结果中每个Dept实例的属性。

您可能需要稍微使用字段+表名称

答案 4 :(得分:0)

我对类似的数据模型有相同的情况。

我的解决方案就像:

 Department.objects \
.extra(where=["<review_table_name.time_field> BETWEEN <time1> AND <time2> "])\
.annotate(num_products=Count('product__review__product_id'))