我的问题是我在一个有1400万行的表上有一个非常慢的更新查询。我尝试了不同的东西来调整我的服务器,这带来了良好的性能,但没有用于更新查询。
我有两张桌子:
这是我的查询及其输出:
explain analyse
update T2
set vid=T1.vid
from T1
where stxt2 ~ stxt1 and T2.vid = 0;
Update on T2 (cost=0.00..9037530.59 rows=2814247 width=131) (actual time=25141785.741..25141785.741 rows=0 loops=1) -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..9037530.59 rows=2814247 width=131) (actual time=32.636..25035782.995 rows=679354 loops=1) Join Filter: ((T2.stxt2)::text ~ (T1.stxt1)::text) -> Seq Scan on T2 (cost=0.00..594772.96 rows=1061980 width=121) (actual time=0.067..5402.614 rows=1037809 loops=1) Filter: (vid= 1) -> Materialize (cost=0.00..17.95 rows=530 width=34) (actual time=0.000..0.069 rows=530 loops=1037809) -> Seq Scan on T1 (cost=0.00..15.30 rows=530 width=34) (actual time=0.019..0.397 rows=530 loops=1) Total runtime: 25141785.904 ms
如您所见,查询大约需要25141秒(约7小时)。我理解得很清楚,计划者估计执行时间为9037秒(约2.5小时)。我在这里错过了什么吗?
以下是有关我的服务器配置的信息:
我已经完成了真空吸尘并在表T2上进行了多次分析,但这仍然没有改善情况。
PS:如果我将full_page_writes设置为off,这会大大改善更新查询,但我不想冒数据丢失的风险。你有任何建议吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
这不是解决方案,而是数据建模解决方案
更新可能需要几分钟。
SET search_path='tmp';
DROP TABLE urls CASCADE;
CREATE TABLE urls
( id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
, full_url varchar
, proto varchar
, hostname varchar
, pathname varchar
);
INSERT INTO urls(full_url) VALUES
( 'ftp://www.myhost.com/secret.tgz' )
,( 'http://www.myhost.com/robots.txt' )
,( 'http://www.myhost.com/index.php' )
,( 'https://www.myhost.com/index.php' )
,( 'http://www.myhost.com/subdir/index.php' )
,( 'https://www.myhost.com/subdir/index.php' )
,( 'http://www.hishost.com/index.php' )
,( 'https://www.hishost.com/index.php' )
,( 'http://www.herhost.com/index.php' )
,( 'https://www.herhost.com/index.php' )
;
UPDATE urls
SET proto = split_part(full_url, '://' , 1)
, hostname = split_part(full_url, '://' , 2)
;
UPDATE urls
SET pathname = substr(hostname, 1+strpos(hostname, '/' ))
, hostname = split_part(hostname, '/' , 1)
;
-- the full_url field is now redundant: we can drop it
ALTER TABLE urls
DROP column full_url
;
-- and we could always reconstruct the full_url from its components.
CREATE VIEW vurls AS (
SELECT id
, proto || '://' || hostname || '/' || pathname AS full_url
, proto
, hostname
, pathname
FROM urls
);
SELECT * FROM urls;
;
SELECT * FROM vurls;
;
输出:
INSERT 0 10
UPDATE 10
UPDATE 10
ALTER TABLE
CREATE VIEW
id | proto | hostname | pathname
----+-------+-----------------+------------------
1 | ftp | www.myhost.com | secret.tgz
2 | http | www.myhost.com | robots.txt
3 | http | www.myhost.com | index.php
4 | https | www.myhost.com | index.php
5 | http | www.myhost.com | subdir/index.php
6 | https | www.myhost.com | subdir/index.php
7 | http | www.hishost.com | index.php
8 | https | www.hishost.com | index.php
9 | http | www.herhost.com | index.php
10 | https | www.herhost.com | index.php
(10 rows)
id | full_url | proto | hostname | pathname
----+-----------------------------------------+-------+-----------------+------------------
1 | ftp://www.myhost.com/secret.tgz | ftp | www.myhost.com | secret.tgz
2 | http://www.myhost.com/robots.txt | http | www.myhost.com | robots.txt
3 | http://www.myhost.com/index.php | http | www.myhost.com | index.php
4 | https://www.myhost.com/index.php | https | www.myhost.com | index.php
5 | http://www.myhost.com/subdir/index.php | http | www.myhost.com | subdir/index.php
6 | https://www.myhost.com/subdir/index.php | https | www.myhost.com | subdir/index.php
7 | http://www.hishost.com/index.php | http | www.hishost.com | index.php
8 | https://www.hishost.com/index.php | https | www.hishost.com | index.php
9 | http://www.herhost.com/index.php | http | www.herhost.com | index.php
10 | https://www.herhost.com/index.php | https | www.herhost.com | index.php
(10 rows)
答案 1 :(得分:1)
这是我之前对功能索引的评论的扩展示例。如果您使用postgresql并且不知道功能索引是什么,那么您可能因此而受苦。
让我们创建一个测试表,在其中放入一些数据:
smarlowe=# create table test (a text, b text, c int);
smarlowe=# insert into test select 'abc','z',0 from generate_series(1,1000000); -- 1 million rows that don't match
smarlowe=# insert into test select 'abc','a',0 from generate_series(1,10); -- 10 rows that do match
smarlowe=# insert into test select 'abc','z',1 from generate_series(1,1000000); -- another million rows that won't match.
现在我们想对它运行一些查询来测试:
\timing
select * from test where a ~ b and c=0; -- ignore how long this takes
select * from test where a ~ b and c=0; -- run it twice to get a read with cached data.
在我的笔记本电脑上,这需要约750毫秒。这个关于c的经典索引:
smarlowe=# create index test_c on test(c);
smarlowe=# select * from test where a ~ b and c=0;
我的笔记本电脑需要大约400毫秒。
这个功能指数:
smarlowe=# drop index test_c ;
smarlowe=# create index test_regex on test (c) where (a~b);
smarlowe=# select * from test where a ~ b and c=0;
现在以1.3毫秒运行。
当然没有免费午餐这样的东西,你会在更新/插入期间支付这个索引。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
谢谢,这会带来一些帮助。所以这就是我所做的:
update urls set hostname=full_url where full_url not like '%/%' and full_url not like 'www\.%';
Time: 112435.192 ms
然后我运行这个查询:
mydb=> explain analyse update urls set vid=vid from T1 where hostname=stxt1;
QUERY PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Update on urls (cost=21.93..37758.76 rows=864449 width=124) (actual time=767.793..767.793 rows=0 loops=1)
-> Hash Join (cost=21.93..37758.76 rows=864449 width=124) (actual time=102.324..430.448 rows=94934 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ((urls.hostname)::text = (T1.stxt1)::text)
-> Seq Scan on urls (cost=0.00..25612.52 rows=927952 width=114) (actual time=0.009..265.962 rows=927952 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=15.30..15.30 rows=530 width=34) (actual time=0.444..0.444 rows=530 loops=1)
Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 35kB
-> Seq Scan on T1 (cost=0.00..15.30 rows=530 width=34) (actual time=0.002..0.181 rows=530 loops=1)
Total runtime: 767.860 ms
我对总运行时间感到非常惊讶!不到1秒就可以确认您对完全匹配的更新所说的内容。现在我用这种方式搜索xtxt1和stxt2之间的精确匹配:
mydb=> select count(*) from T2 where vid is null and exists(select null from T1 where stxt1=stxt2);
count
--------
308486
(1 row)
因此我在T2表上尝试了更新,并得到了这个:
mydb=> explain analyse update T2 set vid = T1.vid from T1 where T2.vid is null and stxt2=stxt1;
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Update on T2 (cost=21.93..492023.13 rows=2106020 width=131) (actual time=252395.118..252395.118 rows=0 loops=1)
-> Hash Join (cost=21.93..492023.13 rows=2106020 width=131) (actual time=1207.897..4739.515 rows=308486 loops=1)
Hash Cond: ((T2.stxt2)::text = (T1.stxt1)::text)
-> Seq Scan on T2 (cost=0.00..455452.09 rows=4130377 width=121) (actual time=158.773..3915.379 rows=4103865 loops=1)
Filter: (vid IS NULL)
-> Hash (cost=15.30..15.30 rows=530 width=34) (actual time=0.293..0.293 rows=530 loops=1)
Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 35kB
-> Seq Scan on T1 (cost=0.00..15.30 rows=530 width=34) (actual time=0.005..0.121 rows=530 loops=1)
Total runtime: 252395.204 ms
(9 rows)
Time: 255389.704 ms
实际上255秒对于这样的查询似乎是非常好的时间。我将尝试从所有URL中提取主机名部分并进行更新。我仍然应该确保使用完全匹配进行更新很快,因为我对它有不好的经验。
感谢您的支持。